Nyatakaka na dɔwɔlawo le BREXIT ƒe tanya ŋu tso Dɔwɔƒea ƒe dɔwɔƒe

03.04.2020
Nyatakaka na dɔwɔlawo le BREXIT ƒe tanya ŋu tso Dɔwɔƒea ƒe dɔwɔƒe

Àteŋu akpɔ nyatakaka gbadzaa tso Brexit ŋu na dumeviwo kple asitsalawo le Slovakia Dukɔa ƒe Dutanyawo Kple Europa Nyawo Gbɔkpɔha ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe (zi afisia ). Èle klalo na Brexit ne èle asitsadɔ wɔm kple UKa? Do ɖokuiwò kpɔ: https: //ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/brexit-dzadzraɖo-kadodowo-dzodzro_v3_en.pdf

Emenyawo

NYE. Fifia ƒe nɔnɔme
II. Nɔnɔme nenye be womewɔ ɖeka le etsɔme kadodowo ŋu o
1. . Adzɔnuwo tsɔtsɔ tso duta kple wo ɖoɖo ɖe duta
2. Adzɔ siwo womexena tẽ o (VAT kple adzɔxexe ɖe nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ kple esiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ) ta
3. Adzɔnuwo ƒe dzɔtsoƒe si wodi wu
4. Asitsatsa le subɔsubɔdɔwo me
5. Mɔɖegbalẽ siwo woatsɔ tso duta / aɖo ɖe duta si wobia le Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔha ƒe se nu
6. Asitsatsa to kɔmpiuta dzi
7. Dukɔa ƒe nuƒle
8. /> 9. Ƒe 1999 me. le ŋusẽ si tso nu yeyewo me ƒe dzɔtsoƒe ŋu
10 . Nuƒlelawo ƒe gomenɔamesiwo le Brexit sesẽ megbe
11 ƒe ƒuƒoƒo. Ka ɖe
dzi


I. Fifia ƒe nɔnɔme

ƒe nyawo | gbã vaseɖe June 30, 2019 eye emegbe vaseɖe October 31, 2019. Le July 2019 me la, wotsɔ B. Johnson va xɔ ɖe T. May teƒe abe Dukplɔlagã ene, amesi wɔ yeye le nubabla si wowɔ kple EU27 ƒe dodo le eme ƒe nubabla yeye me. Wowu nudzraɖoɖoawo nu dzidzedzetɔe le October 2019 me to wo nɔewo ƒe nubabla aɖe si ku ɖe "Irish nugblẽfexeɖoɖo" ŋu me, si ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ gbãtɔe nye nusi koŋ gbɔ wòtso be wowɔ akɔdada va yi le dodo le Britain ƒe Sewɔtakpekpea me si medze edzi o. Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, lɔ̃ ɖe Brexit ŋkeke yeye dzi tso January 31 dzi text ateŋu anye

ƒe nyawo

Le nuwɔna me la, esia fia be le tɔtrɔɣia la, nɔnɔmea na ganyawo ŋuti dɔwɔlawo metrɔna ŋutɔŋutɔ tso nɔnɔme si nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ na dodo le eme gbɔ o . Ganyawo ŋuti dɔwɔƒewo ate ŋu aɖo woƒe nutovɛwo ɖe United Kingdom adzɔnuwo tso United Kingdom eye be woana dɔwɔnawo ahaxɔ wo le dziɖuɖu ma ke si li egbea te, si fia be mɔxeɖenu bubu aɖeke manɔmee, kple ɖaseɖigbalẽ kple mɔɖegbalẽ siwo li fifia eye wogale dɔ wɔm. Asitsatsa sia maganɔ te ɖe dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔ, nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme alo adzɔxexe ƒe ɖoɖo bubuwo, alo mɔxenu bubuwo dzi o. Naneke matrɔ le gbesiagbenudzɔdzɔwo me o elabena United Kingdom gakpɔtɔ le asi ɖeka si le ememe ƒe sewo dzi le asitsatsa kple ganyawo me.

ƒe nyawo

Le tɔtrɔɣia me la, EU kple United Kingdom awɔ ɖoɖo ɖe nubabla aɖe ŋu le etsɔme kadodowo ŋu , si wòle be wòadze dɔwɔwɔ gɔme le... tɔtrɔɣia ƒe nuwuwu, i. j. kaka January 1, 2021 naɖo kaba wu.Kadodowo ƒe nubabla la alɔ Asitsatsa faa ƒe Nubabla (FTA) hã ɖe eme. Ele be FTA la nanye esi me woawɔ nusianu le alesi wòanya wɔe (awɔ ɖe FTA ƒe kpɔɖeŋu si wowɔ kple Canada dzi), gake le nɔnɔme ɖesiaɖe me ganyawo ŋuti nuwɔwɔ aduadu ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si bɔbɔ ɖe anyi wu EU ƒe asi si le eme fifia. Esia fia be mɔxexe ɖe adzɔnuwo ƒe asitsatsa le wo nɔewo dome ate ŋu anɔ FTA si gbɔna me le adzɔxexe, adzɔxexe ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme si woatsɔ tso duta vɛ, mɔxexe ɖe adzɔxexe si menye adzɔxexe o (dzadzɛnyenye kple numiemiewo ƒe dzadzɛnyenye ƒe mɔxexe ɖe enu, mɔxexe ɖe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe dzidzenuwo ƒe dzesidede nu, kple bubuawo) alo mɔxexe ɖe ɖoɖowɔwɔ nu kple dzidziɖedzi ƒe dɔwɔƒe siwo naa kpekpeɖeŋu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ.dzikpɔkpɔ ƒe agba. Le asitsatsa le dɔwɔnawo me gome la, FTA la ana EU kple United Kingdom nado ŋugbe na wo nɔewo be yewomawɔ mɔxexe ɖe ametakpɔkpɔ alo vovototodedeameme nu ƒe mɔxexe aɖeke ŋudɔ le etsɔme o, negbe esiwo dukɔa dzra ɖo tẽ le nusi woyɔna be me ko nuŋlɔɖi siwo ku ɖe nusiwo wodzra ɖo ɖi ŋu. Wozãa FTA-ƒomevi ƒe nubablawo hã le ɖoɖo siwo ku ɖe nuwɔwɔ aduadu ŋu le asitsatsa le dɔwɔnawo me ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ me, resp. le nuwɔwɔ aduadu le masɔmasɔwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ me ŋu.

Dodo le eme ƒe nubabla la hã lɔ " Irelandgbe ɖe eme si awɔ dɔ ne womewɔ nubabla aɖeke le etsɔme ƒomedodowo ŋu o gɔ̃ hã. "Irish Nugblẽfexeɖoɖo" la le dɔ wɔm ƒe 4 ya teti tso January 1, 2021 dzi, negbe ɖe wolɔ̃ ɖe edzi le etsɔme ƒomedodowo ŋuti nubabla me ko hafi. Nugblẽfexeɖoɖoa gblẽa Dziehe Ireland ɖe EU ƒe asi ɖeka me, si le nyateƒe me la, efia be womawɔ adzɔnuwo alo amewo ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe wo ŋu le Republic of Ireland kple Dziehe Ireland ƒe liƒo dzi o.


II. Nɔnɔme nenye be womewɔ ɖeka le etsɔme kadodowo ŋu o


Nyatakaka siwo tso Europa Dɔwɔha gbɔ fifia le nɔnɔmea ŋu evɔ womewɔ ɖeka le etsɔme kadodowo ŋu o:



1. NUWO ƑE NUWO ƑE TSITSI KPLEE WO DODO DODO ÐE WO DODO



Ne nubabla aɖeke meli ku ɖe etsɔme kadodowo ŋu alo asitsatsa faa ƒe nubabla aɖeke meli o la, EU kple United Kingdom ava zu dukɔ siwo mebla ame o le tɔtrɔɣia ƒe nuwuwu.asitsatsa ƒe nubabla si wowɔ ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu . esia fia be Xexeame Katã ƒe Asitsahabɔbɔ (WTO) ƒe sewo koe akpɔ wo nɔewo ƒe asitsatsa ƒe kadodowo dzi eye akpa eveawo siaa awɔ afɔɖeɖe siwo EU zãna fifia ɖe dukɔ etɔ̃lia bubu siwo mewɔa asitsatsa si me woɖea mɔ ɖe nu ŋu le o la dzi le asitsatsa me nubablawo dzi. Le adzɔnuwo ƒe asitsatsa me la, esia ku ɖe adzɔ siwo woxena ɖe nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ ta koŋ ŋu, kpakple dukɔmeviwo ƒe dukɔmevinyenye ƒe ɖoɖowo kple ɖoɖo siwo ku ɖe adzɔnuwo ƒe asiɖeɖe le wo ŋu ŋu.

United Kingdom axɔ eya ŋutɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe adzɔ siwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ la le akpa ɖeka dzi, si anɔ dɔ wɔm ƒe 1 : EU ƒe adzɔxexe siwo li fifia, gake woawɔ na adzɔnu siwo ŋu woate ŋu awɔ nuvevii ko : nyilã kple ha, alẽlã, koklolã, tɔmelã, bɔta, cheese, ami kple ami siwo woate ŋu aɖu, sukli, bli , akɔɖu, ethanol, aha sesẽwo, ʋuwo (nu siwo le eme womaxɔ adzɔ o), anyikpewo, amiwo, dzotsinuwo, avɔwo kple awuwo, . tayawo ƒe tayawo. Adzɔxexewo axe nusiwo wotsɔ tso dukɔ siwo katã mexɔ asi o me, EU27 hã le eme. Adzɔxexe ƒe didiwo awɔ dɔ ɖe nusiwo wotsɔ tso dukɔ siwo me UK wɔ asitsatsa ƒe nubabla siwo wowɔ kplii xoxo (le kpɔɖeŋu me, Chile, Switzerland, Israel, Faroe Islands, ESA dukɔwo - Ɣedzeƒe kple South Africa) kple dukɔ madeŋgɔ aɖewo me le Generalized System of Preferences te ko dzi. Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, UK axɔ adzɔ siwo tsi tre ɖe adzɔnuwo tsɔtsɔ ƒu gbe kple esiwo woxena ɖe wo ta le EU si le adzɔnu 43 siwo ŋu wowɔ takpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo le le EU tsi tre ɖe nusiwo wotsɔ tso dukɔ etɔ̃lia me vɛ ŋu eye wodo alɔe (mawɔ dɔ ɖe nusiwo wotsɔ tso EU27 me dzi o).

Le ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe adzɔwo zazã me la, United Kingdom ayi edzi anɔ nu ƒom le WTO me le eƒe adzɔgbeɖeɖe ƒe dɔwɔnu yeyeawo ŋu, siwo me adzɔ yeye siwo ŋu kakaɖedzi le hã le. United Kingdom ƒe GATT kple GATS ƒe ŋugbedodowo ƒe nuŋlɔɖi yeyetɔ si ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo le WTO me la ate ŋu adzɔ le https: // www . gov.uk / dziɖuɖu / agbalẽwo / uk-adzɔnuwo-kple-dɔwo-ɖoɖowo-le-wto . Ne woxɔ United Kingdom ƒe adzɔgbeɖeɖe ƒe agbalẽ yeyeawo ɖe WTO ŋu la, ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe adzɔwo awu enu eye adzɔ siwo woɖo ɖi keŋkeŋ la adze dɔwɔwɔ gɔme.

Le adzɔnu aɖewo gome la, UK ateŋu agbugbɔ adzɔ siwo le EU ƒe ŋugbedodowo ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖi me la awɔ bɔbɔe (abe alesi míegblɔe ɖe etame ene). Ke hã, esia mateŋu adzɔ na adzɔnu siwo ŋu woxe adzɔ ɖo o. Adzɔxexe ƒe xexlẽme fia be woateŋu atsɔ adzɔnu agbɔsɔsɔme aɖe tso duta vɛ le adzɔxexe ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi woɖe kpɔtɔ alo zero dzi. Ne adzɔxexe ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme si wotsɔ tso duta va ɖo adzɔxexe ƒe ɖoɖo ƒe seƒe la, adzɔxexe ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si lolo wu awɔ dɔ ɖe wo dzi Woɖo adzɔxexe ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme ɖe WTO me be wòasɔ kple EU ƒe didi si le Dukɔ 28 siwo le eme . Le Brexit ƒe nyawo me la, EU woama adzɔxexe ƒe ɖoɖo siwo li fifia siwo woɖo ɖi na EU 28 . Ke hã, ele be WTO me tɔ siwo ŋu nya ku ɖo nalɔ̃ ɖe mama ƒe mɔnu dzi , eyata EU le nu ƒom kpli wo fifia le nya sia ŋu. Ne manya wɔ be woawɔ nubablawo le adzɔxexe ƒe ɖoɖowo mama ŋu kple WTO me tɔ siwo katã ŋu nya ku ɖo le ŋkeke si dzi WTO ƒe Mɔɖeɖewo Kple Ŋugbedodowo ƒe Sewɔtakpekpe na EU adzudzɔ dɔwɔwɔ le UK, EU tsɔa akpa ɖeka tsɔa adzɔxexe ƒe ɖoɖowo naa mɔnu si sɔ kple GATT ƒe Nyati XXVIII ƒe nudidiwo 1994 2013-2015 ). Woŋlɔ adzɔxexe ƒe ɖoɖo siwo li fifia na EU-28 la ɖe Slovakia Dukɔa ƒe Ganyawo Gbɔkpɔha ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe tsɔ yi EU ƒe dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxexe ƒe anyigbamama me tso alo woatsɔe tso anyigbamama ma me hena tsɔtsɔ yi United Kingdom la le dukɔmeviwo ƒe dukɔmevinyenye ƒe dzikpɔkpɔ te eye woate ŋu woanɔ te ɖe dukɔmeviwo ƒe dukɔmevinyenye dzi kpɔkpɔ te le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple Sedede (EU) No 952/2013 si woɖe ɖe go le October 9, 2013 dzi si ɖo Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔha ƒe Dukɔmeviwo ƒe Sea anyi. Esia fia, le nu bubuwo dome la, be woawɔ dukɔmeviwo ƒe sewo ŋudɔ, ele be woatsɔ dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔnuwo ŋuti nyatakakawo ade eme eye dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxenyawo gbɔ kpɔlawo ate ŋu aka ɖe dukɔmeviwo ƒe fe ɖesiaɖe alo esiwo li xoxo dzi.

Adzɔnu siwo wotsɔ tsɔ va EU ƒe dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxexe ƒe anyigba dzi tso United Kingdom la le Aɖaŋudeha ƒe Sedede (EEC) No 2454/93 te. Aɖaŋudeha ƒe Sedede (EEC) No 2658/87 si woɖe ɖe go le July 23, 1987 dzi ku ɖe adzɔxexe kple akɔntabubu ƒe ŋkɔwo yɔyɔ kpakple Dukɔmeviwo ƒe Adzɔxexe Ðeka Ŋu. Esia fia be woawɔ dɔ siwo sɔ dzi .

Le adzɔnu aɖewo siwo gena ɖe EU me alo dona le eme tso United Kingdom gome la, . mɔxexe ɖe nu alo mɔxexe ɖe nu nu le dukɔa ƒe ɖoɖowo alo dukɔa ƒe dedienɔnɔ ta, amegbetɔwo, lãwo alo numiemiewo ƒe lãmesẽ kple agbe takpɔkpɔ, alo dukɔa ƒe kesinɔnuwo takpɔkpɔ ta. Wota mɔxexeɖedɔléle kple mɔxexeɖedɔléle nu mawo ƒe ŋkɔwo ɖe DG TAXUD ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒea eye woate ŋu akpɔe le: ƒe nyawo

Womagabu adzɔnu siwo tso United Kingdom siwo wotsɔ de adzɔnu siwo wotsɔ tso EU yi dukɔ etɔ̃lia me me be wonye "EU ƒe nyawo" le EU ƒe asitsatsa ŋuti ɖoɖo ɖeka ƒe taɖodzinuwo ta o. Esia gblẽa nu le EU ƒe nudɔdɔwo ƒe ŋutete ŋu be woaƒo adzɔnu siwo tso United Kingdom nu ƒu eye ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe adzɔnu siwo woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu siwo dzi Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔa da asi ɖo kple dukɔ etɔ̃lia ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi.



2. Adzɔxexe SIWO WOXƆNA TSƆTSƆ O (VAT A Adzɔxexe) ÐE NUSIWO WOTSƆ TSƆ NU TSƆTSƆ KPLEE NU SIWO WOÐO DO DO DO ÐE WO ŊU



Woabu adzɔnu siwo ge ɖe EU ƒe adzɔxexe (VAT) ƒe anyigba dzi tso United Kingdom alo woɖo alo tsɔ tso EU ƒe adzɔxexe (VAT) ƒe anyigba dzi yi United Kingdom be wonye adzɔnu siwo wotsɔ tso duta alo tsɔ wo yi duta le United Kingdom.le Mɔfiame la nu 2006/112 / EC si woɖe ɖe go le November 28, 2006 dzi ku ɖe adzɔxexe ɖe asixɔxɔ si wotsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu ƒe ɖoɖo ɖeka ŋu (si woyɔna le afisia be "VAT Mɔfiame"). Esia fia be woaxɔ VAT ɖe nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ ŋu esime woɖe asi le nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ ŋu tso VAT me .

Ame siwo ŋu woaxe adzɔ ɖo siwo di be yewoakpɔ viɖe tso ɖoɖo tɔxɛ siwo le VAT Mɔfiame ƒe Tanya XII, Ta 6 lia me la dometɔ ɖeka me (si woyɔna be kadodoƒe ɖeka si wowɔ bɔbɔe alo ‘MOSS’ ɖoɖo) eye wowɔa kadodomɔnu, television kple radio dzi nyadzɔdzɔwo alo elektrɔnikmɔ̃wo dzi dɔwɔwɔ na ame siwo mexea adzɔ o le EU me la, ele be woaŋlɔ ŋkɔ ɖe MOSS te le EU Dukɔ aɖe me.

Ame siwo ŋu woaxe adzɔ ɖo siwo woɖo ɖe United Kingdom, . ƒle adzɔnuwo kple dɔwɔnawo alo adzɔnuwo tso duta si ŋu woaxe adzɔ ɖo le EU Dukɔ aɖe me eye ne èdi be yeabia be woagbugbɔ adzɔxexe sia ana ye la, magate ŋu awɔe to kɔmpiuta dzi le Aɖaŋudeha ƒe Mɔfiame 2008/9 / EC nu o, ke boŋ ele be wòabiae le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple Aɖaŋudeha ƒe Mɔfiame 86/560 / EEC. Dukɔ siwo le Habɔbɔa me ateŋu agbugbɔ ga ana le Mɔfiame sia te le nɔnɔme si nye be woawɔ nu ɖe ​​wo nɔewo ŋu.

Dɔwɔƒe aɖe si woɖo le United Kingdom si wɔa adzɔxexe ƒe adzɔnuwo le EU Dukɔ aɖe me ate ŋu abia tso Dukɔ ma si be wòatia adzɔxexe teƒenɔla be wòanye amesi wòle be wòaxe adzɔxexe ɖe adzɔxexe ta le VAT ƒe Mɔfiame la nu.

Woabu adzɔnu siwo ge ɖe EU ƒe adzɔxexe ƒe anyigbamama me tso United Kingdom alo woɖo alo tsɔ yi United Kingdom tso EU ƒe adzɔxexe ƒe anyigbamama me la ƒe ʋuʋu be enye adzɔnuwo ƒe adzɔxexe ƒe adzɔxexe alo adzɔnuwo ƒe adzɔnuwo tsɔtsɔ yi duta duty le Aɖaŋudeha ƒe Mɔfiame 2008/118 / EC nu 16 December 2008 ku ɖe adzɔxexe ƒe ɖoɖo bliboa ŋu. Esia fia, le nu bubuwo dome la, be Excise Movement Control System (EMCS) magawɔ dɔ le eɖokui si le adzɔnuwo ƒe ʋuʋu tso EU yi United Kingdom si wodzudzɔ la ŋu o, woabu ʋuʋu sia be enye nudɔdɔ, eye adzɔxexe ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe adzɔxexe ŋu awu enu le afisi woado le le EU me. Eyata woabia be woaɖe gbeƒã adzɔnuwo ɖe duta kpakple elektrɔnik dɔdzikpɔgbalẽ (e-AD) na adzɔnuwo tsɔtsɔ yi United Kingdom. Ele be woawu dukɔmeviwo ƒe ɖoɖowo nu hafi woateŋu atsɔ adzɔnuwo tso UK ayi EU hafi woateŋu atsɔ wo le EMCS ɖoɖoa te.

Dukɔmeviwo ƒe dukɔmevinyenye ƒe ɖoɖowo le Brexit megbe: https://www.financnasprava.sk/sk/danovi-a-colni-eŋutinunyala/clo/brexit .


3. Ƒe 1999 me. NUWO ƑE DZƆDZƆDZƆ ƑE NU GBƆGBƆ



Vevietɔ, la adzudzɔ asitsatsa ŋuti nubabla siwo EU wɔ kple dukɔ etɔ̃lia le asitsatsa ŋuti ɖoɖo ɖeka ƒe akpa dzi la ŋudɔwɔwɔ na United Kingdom. Dukɔwo Dome Habɔbɔa naa nyanya akpa bubu siwo le dukɔwo dome nubablawo me (siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye nubabla siwo gblɔ be woawɔ nu ɖe ​​adzɔxexe ŋu le mɔ nyuitɔ nu) siwo Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔa alo Dukɔ siwo le eme wɔ ɖe eteƒe alo Habɔbɔa kple eƒe Dukɔ siwo le eme wɔ ɖeka be, le tɔtrɔɣia me la, United the Kingdom awɔe woabui be enye Dukɔ si le Habɔbɔa me le nubabla siawo ƒe taɖodzinuwo ta.



NUSIWO WOKPƆNA LE NUSIWO WOKPƆNA LE NUWO ME

EU ƒe asitsatsa ƒe ɖoɖo ɖeka ƒe akpa aɖewoe nye asitsatsa ŋuti nubabla siwo wowɔna le mɔ nyuitɔ nu kple dukɔ etɔ̃lia abe asitsatsa faa ƒe nubabla kple general preferences viɖe siwo le adzɔxexe ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu le dukɔ si me EU wɔ asitsatsa faa ƒe nubabla kplii me ate ŋu awɔ dɔ, nenye be wowɔ a dzɔtsoƒe si wodi wu le EU , t. j. nye "woxɔ wo bliboe" le EU alo wowɔ wo bliboe alo woƒe akpa aɖe le EU tso nusiwo ŋu wowɔ dɔ le alo trɔ asi le wo ŋu le nudidi aɖewo nu ("nu siwo wowɔ koŋ ŋuti sewo").

| se siwo ku ɖe afisi wotso ŋu siwo wodi wu. Le adzɔnu siwo wowɔ le dukɔ etɔ̃lia si me EU wɔ asitsatsa ŋuti nubabla si wowɔ le mɔ nyuitɔ nu la ƒe dzɔtsoƒe nyuitɔ ŋuti nyametsotso me la, woabu nusiwo wotsɔ de adzɔnu mawo siwo dzɔ tso EU me (nuwo kple, le nubabla aɖewo nu la, dɔwɔwɔwo ŋudɔwɔwɔ) me be wotso EU ma me. dukɔwo (nuƒoƒoƒu kple ɖoɖowo nyametsotso le dzɔtsoƒe si wodi wu ŋu wogblɔ le asitsatsa ƒe nubabla siwo ku ɖe nudidiwo ŋu me eye woate ŋu ato vovo tso nubabla ɖeka gbɔ yi bubu gbɔ. dukɔ etɔ̃lia woateŋu akpɔe le https://ec.europa.eu/adzɔxexe_dukɔwo/asitsatsa/akɔntabubu-dukɔwo-dutiwo/sewo-dzɔtsoƒe/gɔmedzedze-dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ-nuwɔnawo/ɖoɖowo-list_en .

Le dzɔtsoƒe si wodi wu ƒe nyametsotso me la, wobua EU be enye anyigba ɖeka si me vovototo aɖeke mele Dukɔ siwo le Habɔbɔa me dome o. Eyata wobua nusiwo wotsɔ tso United Kingdom (nuwo alo dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔƒewo) fifia be wonye "EU ƒe nyawo" ne wole nya me tsom afisi adzɔnuwo tso le EU me.

Adzɔnuwo ƒe dzɔtsoƒe dziɖuɖumegãwo ƒe dzɔtsoƒe ") alo nudzralawo ŋutɔ (le mɔɖeɖe alo ŋkɔ dede agbalẽ me do ŋgɔ te) le" gbeƒãɖeɖewo "alo" ɖaseɖigbalẽwo "si tso teƒe si wowɔ le asitsatsa ŋuti nuŋlɔɖiwo dzi. Adzɔnuawo ƒe dzɔtsoƒe ate ŋu, le Akpa si tsɔ wo vɛ ƒe biabia nu la, Akpa si tsɔ wo vɛ la naɖo kpe edzi.

Abe kpeɖodzi be wowɔ ɖe dzɔtsoƒe ƒe nudidiwo dzi ene la, nudzrala la xɔa agbalẽ siwo ɖo kpe edzi tso eƒe nudzralawo gbɔ (abe "nudzralawo ƒe gbeƒãɖeɖewo") si ɖea mɔ na EU be wòa trace nuwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo kple nuwo ɖoɖo ɖe amewo vaseɖe esime woatsɔ nu mamlɛtɔ aɖo ɖe duta. Be woawɔ esia la, EU ƒe nudzralawo kple nuwɔlawo zãa akɔntabubu ƒe ɖoɖo tɔxɛwo, nuŋlɔɖiwo kple kpeɖodzigbalẽ siwo le wo si le EU me.



NUSIWO WOKPƆNA LE NUSIWO WOKPƆNA LE NU GBƆGBƆ ƑE FIAƑUƑE ME

Tso ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le eŋu la, United Kingdom ava zu dukɔ etɔ̃lia si adzudzɔ EU ƒe asitsatsa ŋuti nubabla siwo wowɔ kple dukɔ etɔ̃lia. Wobua nusiwo tso United Kingdom (nuwo alo dww e dww) be wonye "siwo metso o" le asitsatsa e nubabla si wow e ŋgɔ me ne wole nya me tsom tso adzɔnu siwo me nusiwo wotsɔ de eme siawo le la ƒe dzɔtsoƒe si wodi wu ŋu. Esia fia be:



Adzɔnu siwo woɖona tso EU me:

Tso ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le eŋu la, dukɔ si EU wɔ asitsatsa faa ƒe nubabla kplii ate ŋu abui be adzɔnu siwo ƒe dzɔtsoƒe le EU do ŋgɔ na ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le wo ŋu la megaɖo nɔnɔme siwo hiã la gbɔ le ɣeyiɣi si me wotsɔ wo va dukɔa me o dukɔ etɔ̃lia ma, elabena womebua nya siwo woŋlɔ tso United Kingdom be wonye "EU ƒe nyawo" o.

| didi wu be woabui be "emenyawo".z />

| kple EU.

|



AKAÐEDZINYA SIWO WOÐO NA AMESIWO WOÐO ÐE AMEWO ŊU



Adzɔnu siwo woɖona tso EU me:

| >
  • Le woƒe adzɔnuwo ƒe dzɔtsoƒe si wodi wu le EU me la, wobu nusiwo wotsɔ de eme tso Fiaɖuƒe abe nep si menye dzɔtsoƒe o ene ’; kple be
ƒe nyawo
  • awɔ afɔɖeɖe siwo sɔ be woaɖe mɔ na wo be woaɖo kpe woƒe adzɔnuwo ƒe dzɔtsoƒe si wodi wu le EU dzi nenye be wowɔ kpeɖodzi emegbe, evɔ womabu nusiwo wotsɔ de United Kingdom gbɔ be "EU me nyawo" ŋu o.
ƒe nyawo



Adzɔnu siwo wotsɔ va EU me:

Wole dzi dem ƒo na EU-27 ƒe adzɔnu siwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ be woakpɔ egbɔ be adzɔnu siwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ la ate ŋu aɖe adzɔnu siwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ ƒe dzɔtsoƒe si nyo wu afia le EU, le nusiwo ado tso UK ƒe asiɖeɖe le wo ŋu me ta.


Dɔdzikpɔha ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe na adzɔxexe kple dukɔmeviwo ƒe dukɔmevinyenye ƒe habɔbɔ: https://ec.europa.eu/adzɔxexe-dukɔwo/asitsatsa/akɔntabubu-dukɔwo ƒe adzɔxexe/sewo-dzɔtsoƒe/nudzɔdzɔwo-dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ-dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ-dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ ƒe akpawo-gbãtɔ < / a>

ƒe nyawo

kple nyatakakadzraɖoƒe ƒe mɔɖeɖe ɖe nyatakaka bubuwo ku ɖe afisi adzɔnuwo tso si wodi wu ŋu. Woawɔ asitɔtrɔ le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu kple nyatakaka bubuwo ne ehiã.



4. ASITSIDƆ LE DƆWƆƑEWO ME



Nenema ke le asitsatsa le dɔwɔnawo me ƒe akpa dzi la, asitsatsa le wo nɔewo dome la asesẽ to dɔdzikpɔkpɔ ƒe agbawo ƒe dzidziɖedzi ta, elabena woabia tso subɔsubɔdɔwɔlawo si le wo nɔewo si be woaɖo wo ɖokui / aŋlɔ ŋkɔ ɖe dukɔ si me woaxɔe le le mɔ ma ke nu abe alesi wowɔa dɔ na dɔwɔƒe siwo tso dukɔ etɔ̃lia me ene. WTO ƒe sewo kple EU kple UK ƒe ɖoɖo siwo ku ɖe eŋu koe akpɔ wo nɔewo dome kadodowo dzi. Subɔsubɔdɔ ƒe akpa siwo me Akpa si le Nubabla si ŋu nya ku ɖo la kpɔ mɔ (gake menye agbanɔamedzi o) be wòawɔ vovototodedeameme alo ametakpɔkpɔ ƒe afɔɖeɖe aɖeke le la le nusiwo wodzra ɖo ɖi la me. Nusiwo wodzra ɖo ɖi le subɔsubɔdɔwo ƒe asitsatsa me ƒe xexlẽdzesi siawo tsi tre ɖi na afɔɖeɖe suetɔ kekeake si bla ame kple dukɔa. Gake le alesi ganya eveawo siaa ʋu ɖi ta la, le nyateƒe me la, EU kple United Kingdom le mɔnukpɔkpɔ nam be yewoage ɖe woƒe asiwo me nyuie wu alesi wotsɔ wo ɖokui na le WTO me. UK ƒe Sewɔtakpekpea kple EU ƒe Sewɔtakpekpea anɔ WTO ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒea: https: / /www.wto.org/eʋegbe/tratop_e/subɔsubɔ_e/subɔsubɔ_ŋugbedodowo_e.htm .



5. MƆÐEÐEŊUTI SIWO WOBIA LE NU GBƆGBƆ ƑE NUWO ƑE NUWO DODO / WO DODO DODO ƑE NUWO ƑE SE
| mɔɖegbalẽ siwo wotsɔna ɖoa duta"). Zi geɖe la, womebiaa mɔɖegbalẽ na nudɔdɔwo le Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔha me o alo eto vovo. Zi geɖe la, dukɔa ƒe dziɖuɖumegã siwo ŋu nya ku ɖo ye naa mɔɖegbalẽ siwo ku ɖe nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ / wo tsɔtsɔ yi duta ŋu eye woléa ŋku ɖe sedziwɔwɔ ŋu abe dukɔmeviwo ƒe dukɔmevinyenye dzi kpɔkpɔ ƒe akpa aɖe ene le Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔha me.

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NU GBƆGBLƆ / NU GBƆGBLƆ ƑE MƆÐEÐEŊU SIWO UNITED KINGDOM NA BE YE NYEE EU DUKO SI LE DUKO ƑOƑUA ƑE SE TE

Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ ƒe se ate ŋu ana mɔɖegbalẽ siwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ / wo tsɔtsɔ yi duta na Dukɔ bubu si menye Dukɔ si me adzɔnuwo ge ɖo alo do le Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔa me o.

Tso ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le eŋu la, mɔɖegbalẽ siwo United Kingdom na xoxo abe EU Dukɔ ene le Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe se nu na nusiwo woɖo ɖe EU dukɔ 27 tso dukɔ etɔ̃lia me kple alesi woawɔe nenema ke.



NU SIWO KU ÐE WO ŊU

Mɔɖegbalẽwo tsɔtsɔ va / tsɔtsɔ yi duta li le afisiafi ɖoɖowo ƒe akpawo kple na adzɔnu vovovowo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye esiawo:


ƒe nyawo


6. ELEKTRONIK ƑE FIASEA



DUKO SI ME DZƆDZƆ ME ƑE GƆMEÐEÐE

Le asitsatsa ememetɔ ƒe ɖoɖo (si woyɔna hã be dukɔ si me wotso ƒe gɔmeɖose) le E-Asitsatsa Ŋuti Mɔfiame ƒe Nyati 3 lia me nu la, nyatakakahabɔbɔ ƒe dɔwɔnawo nana (woɖe nyatakakahabɔbɔ ƒe dɔwɔnawo gɔme be enye "dɔ ɖesiaɖe si wowɔna zi geɖe hena fetu, le adzɔge, to elektrɔnikmɔ̃wo dzi kple le ame ɖekaɖeka ƒe biabia nu "- kpɔ Se 1 (1) . b) Europatɔwo ƒe ( EU) 2015/1535 si Europa Sewɔtakpekpea kple Aɖaŋudeha la wɔ le September 9, 2015 dzi si ɖo ɖoɖo aɖe si ku ɖe nyatakaka ŋu le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe ɖoɖowo kple se siwo ku ɖe nyatakakahabɔbɔ ƒe dɔwɔnawo ŋu) ɖe EU Dukɔa ƒe se nu le si eƒe dɔwɔƒe si wode agbalẽ me le, eye menye na EU Dukɔ siwo me wowɔa eƒe dɔwɔnawo le ƒe se vovovoawo o, togbɔ be ɖoɖo sia ɖe mɔ ɖe nu aɖewo ŋu hã. Wotsɔ se aɖe si xe mɔ ɖe mɔɖeɖedɔa wɔwɔ do ŋgɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo kple nudidi mawo tɔgbe siwo ku ɖe dɔwɔƒe siawo nana koŋ ŋu kpe ɖe ɖoɖo sia ŋu (E-Commerce Directive ƒe Nyati 4 lia). Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, Mɔfiame la gblɔ nudidi vevi aɖewo siwo ku ɖe nyatakaka siwo woana ezãlawo ŋu, hena nubabla siwo wowɔ le Internet dzi wɔwɔ kple asitsatsa ŋuti kadodo siwo le Internet dzi la ŋu. 5 vaseɖe 11 le Elektrɔnik Asitsatsa Ŋuti Mɔfiame la me). Domenɔlawo ƒe dɔwɔƒewo ƒe agbanɔamedziwo le sue le go aɖewo me (E-Commerce Directive ƒe Ta II ƒe Akpa 4 lia).

| Womagale nyatakaka vevi siwo wogblɔ le E-Commerce Directive me la te o. Eyata dɔwɔƒe siwo le United Kingdom siwo naa nyatakaka habɔbɔ ƒe dɔwɔnawo le EU la anɔ EU-27 Dukɔ ɖekaɖekawo ƒe ŋutete te. Gome anɔ EU-27 Dukɔ ɖesiaɖe si be wòana dɔ mawo wɔwɔ nasɔ ɖe eƒe dukɔa ƒe se nu, si ate ŋu anye ɖoɖowo hã mɔɖeɖe alo se siwo ku ɖe nyatakaka siwo woana ezãlawo ŋu. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, domenɔlawo ƒe dɔwɔƒe siwo le United Kingdom maganɔ agbanɔamedzi siwo wogblɔ le E-Commerce Directive me la te o.



NETWO ƑE AKPAÐEKAŊUTINUNYA

Sedede (EU) 2015/2120 si ku ɖe Internet Gblɔ ŋu ɖo se siwo bɔ be woakpɔ egbɔ be wowɔ nu ɖe ​​ʋuwo ƒe zɔzɔ ŋu sɔsɔe eye womede vovototo wo me o le Internet zazã ƒe dɔwɔnawo kple nuwuwu zãla ƒe gomenɔamesi siwo do ƒome kplii me. Togbɔ be se siawo magawɔ dɔ ɖe United Kingdom dzi tso ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le eŋu o hã la, woayi edzi akpɔ internet zazã ƒe dɔwɔnawo dzi le EU-27 me, eɖanye afikae woɖo nyatakakahabɔbɔa ƒe dɔwɔƒe o.

Àteŋu akpɔ nyatakaka gbadzaa tso e-asitsatsa kple nyatakakadzraɖoƒe ƒe dɔwɔnawo ŋu le nyatakakadzraɖoƒea href = "https://ec.europa.eu/digital-asi ɖeka/en/e-asitsatsa-mɔfiame"> https://ec.europa.eu/digital-asi ɖeka/en/e-asitsatsa- mɔfiame .

Woatrɔ asi le axa sia ŋu ne ehiã le UK ƒe asiɖeɖe le eŋu ŋu.

| estate agents). , modzakaɖedɔwo kple domenɔlawo ƒe dɔwɔna veviwo (internet dzi yiyi, nyatakakawo ɖoɖo ɖe amewo kple wo xɔxɔ, i.e. nyatakakawo dzraɖo ɖe kɔmpiuta si xɔa amewo dzi). Dɔ siawo hã lɔ dɔ siwo wowɔna na amesi xɔe femaxee la ɖe eme, siwo ŋu wokpɔa ga ɖo, le kpɔɖeŋu me, to boblododo alo gakpekpeɖeŋunana ƒe nudzɔdzɔwo me.



7. DUKOWO ƑE NUWO ƑE NUWO ƑE NUÐEÐEŊUTI



Nusiwo le eteƒe Tso ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le eŋu la, EU ƒe dukɔa ƒe nuƒlese mawɔ dɔ ɖe United Economic dzi o tsɔ kakaɖedzi aɖeke si ku ɖe EU ƒe dukɔa ƒe nuƒle ƒe se ŋu la ŋudɔ . Dɔwɔnu siwo wɔ EU ƒe sewo le dukɔa ƒe nuƒlenyawo me ƒe ŋkɔwo le https://ec.europa.eu/dɔdzikpɔha/nyatakakadzraɖoƒewo/beta-dunyahehe/failwo/dukɔa ƒe_nuƒle.pdf .

Nusiwo wòagblɔ na dukɔa ƒe nuƒle ƒe ɖoɖo siwo EU Dukɔwo ƒe dziɖuɖumegãwo dze egɔme le ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le eŋu:

  • UK dɔwɔlawo ƒe ɖoƒe anɔ abe ame bubu ɖesiaɖe ene dukɔ etɔ̃lia ƒe dɔwɔƒe siwo EU mewɔ ɖeka kplii le dukɔa ƒe nuƒleƒe ƒe asi ʋuʋu ŋu o. Eyata woawɔ se siwo dzi dukɔ etɔ̃lia ɖesiaɖe le la ke dzi. Esia megblẽ nu le United Kingdom ƒe gomekpɔkpɔ le Xexeame ƒe Asitsahabɔbɔ (WTO) ƒe Dziɖuɖu ƒe Nuƒle ƒe Nubabla me le etsɔme ŋu o .
  • Mɔfiame 2014/25 / EU ƒe nyati 85 lia, si ku ɖe nuƒle ƒe ɖoɖowo ŋu hena adzɔnuwo ƒeƒle ƒe ɖoɖowo to dɔwɔƒe siwo le dɔ wɔm le tsi, ŋusẽ, ʋuɖoɖo kple posudɔwɔƒewo dzi la gblɔ be woate ŋu agbe dɔbiagbalẽvi siwo wotsɔ ɖo ɖe EU ne: the adzɔnu siwo dzɔ tso dukɔ etɔ̃lia me siwo EU mewɔ nubabla aɖeke kplii si ana EU dɔwɔƒewo nakpɔ mɔ si sɔ kple wo nɔewo eye wòawɔ dɔ nyuie le dukɔ etɔ̃lia siawo ƒe asiwo me ƒe akpa aɖe wu adzɔnu siwo wɔ nusi wotsɔ na la ƒe asixɔxɔ bliboa ƒe 50%. Ne nu mawo tɔgbe meli o gɔ̃ hã womate ŋu ana woawɔ nubablawo le afisiwo woate ŋu awɔ dɔ siwo sɔ kple wo nɔewo le ɖe adzɔnu siwo tso dukɔ etɔ̃lia me ƒe 50% ŋu o. Eyata le EU ƒe nuƒle sia ƒomevi me la, woagbe dɔbiagbalẽvi siwo me nusiwo wowɔ tso United Kingdom alo dukɔ etɔ̃lia me ƒe 50% kple edzivɔ le alo womate ŋu ana woawɔ nubabla o.
    • | dɔwɔlawo.tso dukɔ etɔ̃lia me be woakpɔ gome le ametakpɔkpɔ kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe nuƒle ƒe ɖoɖowo me. Eyata woateŋu aɖe ganyawo ŋuti dɔwɔƒe siwo le United Kingdom ɖa le dɔbiagbalẽviwo gɔmeɖeɖe le aʋawɔnyawo kple dedienɔnɔ gome la me.
  • Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, Mɔfiame 2009/81 / EC ƒe Nyati 22 lia be Dukɔ siwo le Habɔbɔa me nalɔ̃ ɖe dedienɔnɔ ŋuti mɔɖegbalẽ siwo wobu be wosɔ kple dedienɔnɔ ŋuti mɔɖegbalẽ siwo wona le woƒe dukɔa ƒe se nu la dzi. Womagabia tso United Kingdom si be wòada asi ɖe dedienɔnɔ ŋuti mɔɖegbalẽ siwo dɔwɔƒe siwo le United Kingdom xɔ la dzi o, ne wobu wo be wosɔ kple yewoƒe dukɔa ƒe dedienɔnɔ ŋuti mɔɖegbalẽwo gɔ̃ hã. Esia ateŋu ana woaɖe UK ƒe dedienɔnɔ ƒe ƒuƒoƒowo ɖa le EU ƒe ametakpɔkpɔ kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe nuƒle ƒe ɖoɖowo me.
ƒe nyawo

Le nuƒle ƒe ɖoɖo siwo womawu enu hafi ŋkeke si dzi woaɖe asi le wo ŋu o gome la, EU le didim be yealɔ̃ ɖe edzi kple United Kingdom le egbɔkpɔnuwo ŋu le nubabla si wowɔ be woaɖe asi le eŋu me. Gɔmeɖose vevi siwo ɖo kpe EU ƒe nukpɔsusu dzi le nuƒle ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wowɔna le gaglãgbe ŋu la le:

https: / / ec.europa.eu/dzidziɖedzi/asi ɖeka/dukɔa ƒe nuƒle_en .

United Kingdom ɖe eƒe didi be yealɔ̃ ɖe Dziɖuɖu ƒe Nuƒle ƒe Nubabla (GPA) dzi le WTO ƒe ŋugbedodowo ƒe ɖoɖo nu le eƒe dzodzo le EU me megbe eye wòtsɔ eƒe ɖokuitsɔtsɔna ɖe dukɔa ƒe nuƒle ŋu ƒe ɖoɖo aɖe ɖo ɖa. EU da asi ɖe ɖoɖo sia dzi. Le GPA Kɔmitia ƒe kpekpe si wowɔ le February 28, 2019 dzi la, akpa siwo katã le GPA la me lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be United Kingdom nava ge ɖe GPA la me. Le United Kingdom ƒe asiɖeɖe le eŋu ƒe ɖoɖoa didi ɖe edzi ɣleti 6 ta la, GPA Kɔmitia da asi ɖe ɣeyiɣi mamlɛtɔ si woɖo ɖi na United Kingdom be wòatsɔ eƒe GPA la me nɔnɔ ƒe agbalẽa ade United Kingdom ƒe nunana la me ɖe edzi le June 26, 2019 dzi. wogbugbɔ gblɔ EU ƒe ŋugbedodowo ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖi si li fifia le Nubabla sia te ƒe sewo vaseɖe afisi wòasɔ na United Kingdom. Eƒe taɖodzinue nye be yealé asitsatsa ƒe mɔnukpɔkpɔ ma ke me ɖe asi na akpa bubu siwo le nubabla la me le eƒe gege ɖe GPA la me megbe. Le EU ƒe Agbanɔamedziwo ƒe Sewɔtakpekpea ƒe sewo gbugbɔgagblɔ gome la, ele be United Kingdom nawɔ asitɔtrɔ le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ŋu be wòabu nyateƒe si wònye be EU ƒe sewo magawɔ dɔ le United Kingdom o la ŋu. GPA la awɔ dɔ ɖe United Kingdom dzi abe EU Dukɔ ene vaseɖe ŋkeke si dzi wòaɖe asi le EU ŋu, alo vaseɖe esime tɔtrɔɣia nawu enu ne EU kple United Kingdom wɔ nubabla aɖe si gblɔ be woawɔ tɔtrɔɣi ma tɔgbe si me Union le se awɔ dɔ.gawɔ dɔ le United Kingdom hã ŋu.



8. ŊUSẼ



Le afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe si woate ŋu aɖo le tso ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le eŋu la, EU ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe asitsatsa ŋuti sedede (Europa ƒe Sedede (EC) No 713/2009 ƒe Mɔfiame 2009/72 / EC ƒe Europa Sewɔtakpekpea kple Aɖaŋudeha la ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔ le July 13, 2009 dzi ku ɖe se ɖeka siwo ku ɖe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe asitsatsa le dukɔa me ŋu, Europa Sewɔtakpekpea ƒe Mɔfiame 2009/73 / EC kple Aɖaŋudeha la ku ɖe se ɖeka siwo ku ɖe dzɔdzɔme gas ƒe asitsatsa le ememe ŋu 2009 si ɖo Dɔwɔƒea anyi na Ŋusẽ Ŋuti Ðoɖowɔlawo ƒe Nuwɔwɔ Ðekae, Europa Sewɔtakpekpea kple Aɖaŋudeha ƒe Sedede (EC) No 714/2009 si woɖe ɖe go le July 13, 2009 dzi ku ɖe nɔnɔme siwo me woate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ le dukɔwo dome ƒe ɖoɖoa ŋu, Sedede (EC) No 715/ 2009 si woɖe ɖe go le July 13, 2009 dzi ku ɖe nɔnɔme siwo me woate ŋu akpɔ dzɔdzɔme gas ƒe mɔ̃wo ƒe kadodowo ŋu (Europa Sewɔtakpekpea kple Aɖaŋudeha ƒe Sedede (EU) No 1227/2011 si wowɔ le October 25, 2011 dzi ku ɖe ŋusẽ ƒe asitsatsa ƒe blibonyenye kple nuwɔwɔ le gaglãgbe ŋu) < / span> Le United States xoxo mawɔ dɔ o . Esia akpɔ emetsonu siwo gbɔna :



FETU SIWO WOXƆNA LE ƲUƲU ƑE NUÐEÐEŊUTI DƆWƆLAWO (TSO) DOME

Le Sedede (EC) No Europa Sewɔtakpekpea kple Aɖaŋudeha ƒe Sedede (EC) No 714/2009 si wowɔ le July 13, 2009 dzi ku ɖe nɔnɔme siwo me woate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ le liƒo dzi ƒe ɖoɖoa ŋu - kpɔ vevietɔ Se 13 kple 14) ɖo gɔmeɖose siwo ku ɖe fexexe ŋu mɔnu si wozãna le TSOwo dome kple fe siwo woxena ɖe ɖoɖowo me yiyi ta.

Wonɔ te ɖe gɔmeɖose siawo dzi la, Dɔdzikpɔha ƒe Sedede (EU) No Dɔdzikpɔha ƒe Sedede (EU) No 838/2010 si woɖe ɖe go le September 23, 2010 dzi si ɖo mɔfiamewo ku ɖe mɔnu aɖe si dzi woato axe fe ɖe ʋuɖoɖo ƒe ɖoɖowo dzikpɔlawo dome kple ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu ɖeka si ku ɖe ʋuɖoɖo ƒe fexexe ŋu - kpɔ vevietɔ Megbenya A) ƒe akpa 2 kple 3 siwo ŋu EU TSOwo ƒe agbanɔamedzi le le elektrikŋusẽ si sina toa liƒo dzi yia woƒe kadodowo me ta. Nu sia xɔ ɖe fe siwo woxena tẽ ɖe kadodowo zazã ta teƒe.

Le elektrikŋusẽ ƒe tsɔtsɔ tso dukɔ etɔ̃lia me kple eɖoɖo ɖe duta gome la, Commission Regulation (EU) No Sedede (EC) No 838/2010 (Dɔwɔha ƒe Sedede (EU) No 838/2010 ƒe Megbenya A ƒe akpa 7 lia) gblɔ be ele be woaxe fe ɖe elektrikŋusẽ siwo katã ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo be woatsɔ tso dukɔ etɔ̃lia katã me siwo melɔ̃ ɖe nubabla aɖe si zãa Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe se dzi o la dzi fe aɖe si woaxe ɖe mɔ̃ si wotsɔna ɖoa nyatakakawo ɖe amewo la zazã ta. Tso ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le eŋu la, ɖoɖo sia awɔ dɔ ɖe elektrikŋusẽ siwo wotsɔ tso United Kingdom va kple esiwo wotsɔ yi United Kingdom hã ŋu.



ŊUSẼ ƑE ƑOMEDODO

EU ƒe gas kple elektrikŋusẽ ƒe asitsatsa ŋuti sewo ɖo sewo ɖe kadodowo ƒe ŋutetewo kple mɔnuwo mama ŋu be wòana se mawo dzi wɔwɔ nanɔ bɔbɔe. Etɔxɛe:

Dɔdzikpɔha ƒe Sedede (EU) 2016/1719 (kpɔ Dɔdzikpɔha ƒe Sedede (EU) 2016/1719 ƒe Nyati 48 vaseɖe 50 le 26 me. 2016 si ɖo mɔfiamewo na ɣeyiɣi didi ƒe ŋutetewo mama) woɖo mɔnu ɖeka na ɣeyiɣi didi ƒe ŋutetewo mama na TSO kadodowo. Nuƒolanɔƒea nye kadodo ƒe teƒe vevi aɖe na asitsalawo be woatsɔ adzra dɔlékuiwo kaka ƒe ŋutete si anɔ anyi ɣeyiɣi didi ɖo ɖe EU me; | Nuƒolanɔƒe siawo, abe kadodo teƒe ɖeka ene, ɖea mɔ na EU TSOwo be woaxɔ ŋusẽ si ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo le liƒo dzi kple ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe do ŋgɔ na zazã;
  • Dɔwɔha ƒe Sedede (EU) 2015/1222 (kpɔ Dɔwɔha ƒe Sedede (EU) 2015/1222 si woɖe ɖe go le July 24, 2015 dzi ƒe Ta 5 kple 6 si ɖo mɔfiamewo na ŋutetewo mama kple ʋuwo ƒe tsɔtsɔme dzi kpɔkpɔ) to ɖeka vɛ gbesiagbe kple gbesiagbe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe asiwo le EU. Esia na wònɔa bɔbɔe na asitsalawo be woawɔ ɖoɖo ɖe liƒodzinuwo ƒe asitsatsa ŋu le elektrikŋusẽ ƒe asitsatsa me le EU me do ŋgɔ teti na elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aɖoe. Ŋkeke ɖeka kple ŋkeke ɖeka ƒe asitsatsa ƒe kadodowo nye dɔwɔnu vevi siwo woatsɔ awɔ ɖeka kple EU ƒe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe asi ememetɔ. Sedede (EU) 2015/1222 hã gblɔ nudidi siwo bɔ ɖe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe asitsalawo ƒe ŋkɔwo yɔyɔ ŋu le asitsatsa ƒe kadodo ƒe nɔnɔme me. Woƒe dɔwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye nudɔdɔwo xɔxɔ tso asitsalawo gbɔ, agbanɔamedzi bliboa tsɔtsɔ ɖe nudɔdɔwo ƒe sɔsɔ kple wo mama ŋu le ŋkeke ɖeka kple ŋkeke ɖeka ƒe asitsatsa ƒe kadodo me tsonu nu, asiwo tata, kpakple nubabla siwo do tso asitsatsa ƒe asitsatsa me le nubabla siwo sɔ le gomekpɔlawo dome la me ɖeɖe kple wo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ kple sededewo wɔwɔ. Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe asitsalawo ƒe ametialawo kpɔ mɔ ana woƒe dɔwɔnawo le Dukɔ siwo menye Dukɔ siwo le Habɔbɔa me o me si woɖo be woawɔ.
    • ƒe nyawo

    Tso ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le eŋu la, dɔwɔƒe siwo le dɔ wɔm le United Kingdom la adzudzɔ gomekpɔkpɔ le mɔnu ɖeka me hena kadodo ƒe ŋutete siwo anɔ anyi ɣeyiɣi didi ƒe mama, Europa ƒe mɔnu siwo ŋu ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe ŋusẽ le kple ŋkeke kple ŋkeke me asiwo ƒe kadodo ɖeka me. Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe asitsahabɔbɔ siwo woɖo siwo le United Kingdom la ava zu dukɔ etɔ̃lia ƒe dɔwɔƒewo eye womagadze ana asitsatsa ƒe kadodo ƒe dɔwɔnawo le EU me o.



    ELEKTRIKŊU KPLEE GAS ƑE TSITSI

    Le Sedede (EU) No Europa Sewɔtakpekpea kple Aɖaŋudeha ƒe Sedede (EU) No 1227/2011 si woɖe ɖe go le October 25, 2011 dzi ku ɖe ŋusẽ gbogbowo ƒe asi ƒe fɔmaɖimaɖi kple nuwɔwɔ le gaglãgbe ŋu xe mɔ ɖe asitsatsa le mɔ gbegblẽ nu le EU ƒe elektrikŋusẽ kple gas ƒe asi gãwo me. Be woate ŋu atsɔ nya ɖe asitsatsa ŋu le mɔ gbegblẽ nu ƒe nyawo ŋu la, Se 9 lia (1) . 1 nariadenia (EU) ƒe xexlẽme č. 1227/2011 tso EU ƒe asitsalawo gbɔ be woaŋlɔ ŋkɔ ɖe woƒe dukɔa ƒe ŋusẽdɔwɔƒe. Wobia tso dukɔ etɔ̃lia ƒe asitsalawo si be woaŋlɔ ŋkɔ ɖe Dukɔ si me wole dɔ wɔm le ƒe dukɔa ƒe ŋusẽdzikpɔhawo gbɔ.

    Tso ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le eŋu la, asitsalawo ƒe gomekpɔla siwo le United Kingdom azu dukɔ etɔ̃lia ƒe gomekpɔlawo. Eyata le Se 9 (1) lia nu la, . 1 nariadenia (EU) ƒe xexlẽme č. Le Sedede (EU) No 1227/2011 nu la, ele be gomekpɔla siwo woɖo ɖe United Kingdom siwo di be yewoayi asitsatsa dzi le EU ƒe ŋusẽnu siwo wodzrana le agbɔsɔsɔ gã me ŋu la naŋlɔ ŋkɔ ɖe Dukɔ si me wole dɔ wɔm le ƒe dukɔa ƒe ŋusẽdzikpɔha gbɔ. Le Se 9 lia ƒe memamã 1 lia nu. 4 nariadenia (EU) ƒe xexlẽme č. 1227/2011 me la, ele be woatsɔ ŋkɔ ŋɔŋlɔ ƒe agbalẽvia aɖo ɖa hafi woawu asitsatsa la nu, si nakpɔ egbɔ be wotsɔ se siwo ku ɖe se siwo ku ɖe Se (EU) No 1227/2011 ƒe Nyati 13 va ɖo 18 lia ŋu la ɖo ɖa. 1227/2011 ate ŋu awɔ dɔ nyuie nye dukɔa ƒe sedzikpɔha si kpɔa dɔa dzi si ŋlɔ Eŋlisiawo ƒe asitsalawo ƒe ŋkɔ agbalẽ me.

    ƒe nyawo



    PPS ƑE GADEDE

    Mɔfiame 2009/72 / EC (12 Europa Sewɔtakpekpea kple Aɖaŋudeha ƒe Mɔfiame 2009/72 / EC si woɖe ɖe go le July 13, 2009 dzi ku ɖe se ɖeka siwo ku ɖe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe asitsatsa le dukɔa me ŋu) kple Mɔfiame 2009/73 / EC (Mɔfiame 2009/ 72 / EC si Europa Sewɔtakpekpea kple Aɖaŋudeha la wɔ 73 / EC ku ɖe se ɖeka siwo ku ɖe dzɔdzɔme gas ƒe asitsatsa le ememe ŋu) gblɔ be woana ɖaseɖigbalẽ TSOwo. Le Mɔfiame 2009/72 / EC ƒe Nyati 11 lia kple Mɔfiame 2009/73 / EC nu la, se tɔxɛwo le TSO siwo dzi dukɔ etɔ̃lia me tɔ (wo) kpɔna la ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ nana. Vevietɔ, Mɔfiameawo bia tso Dukɔ siwo le Habɔbɔa me kple Dɔwɔha la si be woada asɔ nenye be ɖaseɖigbalẽ nana TSO si ŋu nya ku ɖo, si dzi dukɔ etɔ̃lia (wo) kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖo la, ade Dukɔ si le Habɔbɔa me kple EU ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe dedienɔnɔ afɔku me hã.

    Wobua TSO siwo dzi UK gadelawo kpɔna le ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le wo ŋu la be wonye si dzi ame siwo tso dukɔ etɔ̃lia me kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖo. Be TSO siawo nayi edzi anɔ dɔ wɔm le EU la, wohiã ɖaseɖigbalẽ le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple Mɔfiame 2009/72 / EC ƒe Nyati 11 lia kple Mɔfiame 2009/73 / EC. Dukɔ siwo le Habɔbɔa me ate ŋu agbe ɖaseɖigbalẽ nana nenye be enana nye ŋɔdzi na nusiwo woatsɔ ana amewo ƒe dedienɔnɔ le Dukɔ si le Habɔbɔa me.



    NƆNƆME SIWO WOÐO BE WOANA MƆÐEÐEWO KPLEE WOAZÃ BE WOADI HIDROKARBONWO DIDI, WOADZRO KPLEE WO WOTSƆ

    Mɔfiame 94/22 / EC (Europa Sewɔtakpekpea kple Aɖaŋudeha ƒe Mɔfiame 94/22 / EC si woɖe ɖe go le May 30, 1994 dzi ku ɖe nɔnɔme siwo me woana mɔɖeɖewo le hena haidrodzin didi, wo didi kple wo wɔwɔ ŋu) ɖo sewo na mɔɖeɖe ɖe nudidi, didi kple haidrodzin ɖeɖe ŋu. Le nu bubuwo dome la, ekpɔa egbɔ be ɖoɖowo ʋu ɖi na dɔwɔƒewo katã eye be woanɔ te ɖe dzidzenu siwo ŋu taɖodzinu le kple esiwo wota dzi na mɔɖeɖewo. Le Se 2 lia ƒe memamã 1 lia nu. Le Mɔfiame 94/22 / EC ƒe Nyati 94 (2) ƒe memama evelia nu la, Dukɔ siwo le Habɔbɔa me ate ŋu gbe mɔɖeɖe ɖe dɔwɔƒe ɖesiaɖe si dzi dukɔ etɔ̃lia alo dukɔ etɔ̃lia me tɔwo kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖo kloe la ŋu eye womawɔ dɔ mawo o.

    Tso ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le eŋu la, Se 2 (1) . Mɔfiame 94/22 / EC ƒe Nyati 2 lia awɔ dɔ le afisiwo woɖe mɔ ɖe dɔ ŋu alo le biabiam tso habɔbɔ aɖe si dzi United Kingdom alo United Kingdom dukɔmeviwo kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖo ŋutɔŋutɔ gbɔ.

    Nyatakaka gbadzaa le Dɔdzikpɔhaa ƒe Ŋusẽ Ŋuti Ðoɖowo ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe ( https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en / aƒeme ).

    Woatrɔ asi le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu kple asitɔtrɔ bubuwo ne ehiã.



    9. ÐASEÐIFI SIWO KU ÐE ŊUSẼ ƑE DZƆDZƆ TSƆTSƆ TSƆ TSƆTSƆ ƑE NU YEYEWO ŊU


    Ne wowɔ tɔtrɔ ƒe ɖoɖo ɖesiaɖe si woate ŋu awɔ le nubabla ɖesiaɖe si wowɔ be woaɖe asi le ame ŋu me la, Mɔfiame la awɔe ku ɖe ŋusẽ zazã tso nu yeyewo me zazã dodo ɖe ŋgɔ ŋu kple Mɔfiame 2012/27 / EU si ku ɖe ŋusẽzazã nyuie ŋu magawɔ dɔ ɖe United Kingdom dzi o. Le dzɔtsoƒe ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽwo kple xɔtulawo ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽwo gome la, esia ahe emetsonu siwo gbɔna vɛ vevietɔ:



    DƆDZIKPƆKPƆ ƑE ƉASEÐIFIWO

    Le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple Se 15 (<) lia . Le Mɔfiame 2009/28 / EC ƒe Nyati 2 lia nu la, ele be Dukɔ siwo le Habɔbɔa me nakpɔ egbɔ be wona elektrikŋusẽtsoƒe ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ le elektrikŋusẽdɔwɔƒe aɖe si tso ŋusẽ yeyewo me ƒe biabia nu. Woana dzɔtsoƒe ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽwo kple susu be woaɖo kpe ŋusẽ si woate ŋu azã yeyee me le nudzrala ƒe ŋusẽ tsakatsaka me ƒe akpa alo agbɔsɔsɔme dzi na asisi mamlɛawo le se 3 lia ƒe akpa 2 lia nu. 9 si le Mɔfiame 2009/72 / EC me. Le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple Se 15 (2) lia . Le Mɔfiame 2009/28 / EC ƒe Nyati 9 lia nu la, ele be Dukɔ siwo le Habɔbɔa me nalɔ̃ ɖe Dukɔ bubu siwo le Habɔbɔa me ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽwo dzi.

    EU-27 Dukɔwo magada asi ɖe dzɔtsoƒe ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ siwo wona le Se 15 lia nu dzi tso ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le wo ŋu o. 2 si le Mɔfiame 2009/28 / EC me to dziɖuɖumegã siwo woɖo le United Kingdom dzi.

    Le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple Se 14 lia (<) . Le Mɔfiame 2012/27 / EU ƒe Nyati 10 lia nu la, ele be Dukɔ siwo le Habɔbɔa me nakpɔ egbɔ be woate ŋu aka ɖe elektrikŋusẽ si wowɔ tso elektrikŋusẽ si wozãna ɖekae si wɔa dɔ nyuie me ƒe dzɔtsoƒe dzi le dzidzenu siwo ŋu taɖodzinu le, siwo me kɔ eye womedea vovototo wo me o nu eye ele be woana elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzɔtsoƒe ŋuti ɖaseɖigbalẽ siwo ku ɖe dzidzenu aɖe ŋu le kɔmpiuta dzi agbɔsɔsɔme si nye 1 MWh ya teti nyatakaka siwo wogblɔ le Megbenya X. Ele be dukɔ siwo le Habɔbɔa me nalɔ̃ ɖe wo nɔewo ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽwo dzi.

    EU-27 Dukɔwo magada asi ɖe dzɔtsoƒe ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ siwo wona le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple Se 14 (2) dzi tso ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le wo ŋu o. 10 si le Mɔfiame 2012/27 / EU me to dziɖuɖumegã siwo woɖo le United Kingdom dzi.

    KPEKPEÐEŊU NA LE KPEKPEÐEŊU 14 (1) lia nu . Le Mɔfiame 2009/28 / EC ƒe Nyati 3 lia nu la, ele be Dukɔ siwo le Habɔbɔa me nakpɔ egbɔ be amesiwo dea biomass dzodoƒe suewo kple dzodoƒewo, ɣe ƒe keklẽŋusẽ kple... dzoxɔxɔnamɔ̃wo, anyigba ƒe dzoxɔxɔnamɔ̃ siwo me goglo o kple dzoxɔxɔpɔmpiwo, ɖaseɖigbalẽ nana ƒe ɖoɖowo alo dzesideɖoɖo siwo sɔ kplii siwo wotu ɖe dzidzenu siwo wogblɔ le Mɔfiame ma ƒe Megbenya IV me dzi nɔ anyi. Ele be dukɔ siwo le Habɔbɔa me nada asi ɖe ɖaseɖigbalẽ siwo Dukɔ bubu siwo le Habɔbɔa me na dzi le dzidzenu siawo nu.

    EU-27 Dukɔwo magada asi ɖe xɔtulawo ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ siwo United Kingdom na le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple Se 14 (2) dzi tso ŋkeke si dzi woɖe asi le wo ŋu o. 3 si le Mɔfiame 2009/28 / EC me.

    Nyatakaka gbadzaa le Dɔwɔha la ƒe Ŋusẽ Ŋuti Ðoɖowo ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe: https: // ec. europa .eu/ŋusẽ/en/aƒe .

    Woawɔ asitɔtrɔ le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu kple nyatakaka yeyewo ne ehiã.



    10. NUƑLELAWO ƑE GOMENƆAMESIWO LE BREXITE HARD
    megbe



    Le United Kingdom ƒe nuƒoa megbe ne womeda asi ɖe nubabla si ku ɖe wo nɔewo dome kadodowo ŋuti ɖoɖowɔwɔ ŋu dzi o la, womaka ɖe nuƒlelawo ƒe gomenɔamesi siwo le wo si fifia le EU ƒe se nu la dzi le wo ɖokui si o. United Kingdom ƒe dukɔa ƒe sewo wɔ ɖeka kple EU ƒe se fifia, gake mazi United Kingdom dzi be wòalé nɔnɔme sia me ɖe asi ne eɖe asi le dɔ ŋu ko o. Esia ate ŋu atrɔ asi le dukɔa ƒe sewo ŋu le United Kingdom, si ate ŋu afia be woakpɔ nuƒlelawo ta le mɔ bubu nu wu alesi wowɔnɛ tsã ne wole nu ƒlem le EU me. Gake nuƒlelawo takpɔkpɔ le EU ƒe se nu awɔ dɔ ɖe nuƒle tso United Kingdom hã dzi nenye be edze ƒã be Eŋlisiawo ƒe asitsalawo atsɔ eƒe asitsatsa aɖo nuƒlela siwo le Slovakia Dukɔa me ŋu. Eyata Subɔsubɔha la kafui be woawɔ nu ŋuɖɔɖɔɖo geɖe wu le adzɔnuwo kple dɔwɔnawo tso United Kingdom.

    Nuƒlela siwo tso Slovakia Dukɔa hã mate ŋu azã EU ƒe mɔ̃wo le nyaʋiʋli siwo ku ɖe nyaʋiʋliwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ le ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒea godo kple nyaʋiʋliwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ le Internet dzi le nyaʋiʋli siwo le wo kple UK asitsalawo dome me o. Europa Nuƒlelawo ƒe Dɔwɔƒe si le United Kingdom magazu Europa Nuƒlelawo ƒe Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Habɔbɔ me tɔ o, si ana be Europa Nuƒlelawo ƒe Dɔwɔƒe si le Slovakia Dukɔa me nate ɖe eŋu be wòakpe asi ɖe masɔmasɔ si le Slovakia dukɔmevi aɖe kple UK dome la gbɔ kpɔkpɔ me o asitsalawo.

    Ne Slovakia ƒe nuƒlela aɖe tiae be yeagblɔ yeƒe nuƒlela ƒe gomenɔamesiwo ɖe UK asitsala aɖe ŋu le ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒe la, UK ƒe asiɖeɖe le EU me makpɔ ŋusẽ aɖeke ɖe afɔɖeɖea dzi nenye be UK asitsalawo dzra adzɔnuwo alo dɔwɔnawo na nuƒlela le dukɔa me o. , si me enɔa agbe. Gake Slovakia Dukɔa ƒe ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒe aɖe ƒe nyametsotso le nuƒlelawo ƒe nyaʋiʋli aɖe me mana kakaɖedzi le eɖokui si be woate ŋu alɔ̃ ɖe nyametsotso ma dzi ahawɔ ɖe edzi le United Kingdom o. Ʋɔnudrɔ̃nya sia tɔgbe ate ŋu ade dzesii ahawɔ edzi le nɔnɔme si me UK ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒe aɖe tso nya me, le woƒe dukɔa ƒe se nu, be yeada asi ɖe ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒe ƒe nyametsotso aɖe si tso EU Dukɔ aɖe gbɔ le nuƒlelawo ƒe nyaʋiʋli aɖe me dzi ahawɔ ɖe edzi me ko hafi.

    Àte ŋu akpɔ nyatakaka bubuwo tso tɔtrɔ siwo va le nuƒlelawo ƒe gomenɔamesiwo kple agbanɔamedziwo me le UK ƒe dzodzo le EU megbe ŋu le Europa Dɔwɔha ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe (

    11. KPƆKPƆ


    Ne nyabiase bubu siwo ku ɖe Brexit ŋu, siwo le MH SR ƒe ŋutete me la, àte ŋu aƒo ka na mí le e-mail adrɛs     brexit@mhsr.sk .



    Dzɔtsoƒe: Slovakia Dukɔa ƒe Ganyawo Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe, 3.4.2020
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