Amakuru kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo ku ngingo ya BREXIT kuva mu mahugurwa ya Minisiteri

03.04.2020
Amakuru kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo ku ngingo ya BREXIT kuva mu mahugurwa ya Minisiteri

Ibisobanuro rusange kuri Brexit kubenegihugu nubucuruzi murashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa minisiteri yububanyi n’amahanga n’ububanyi n’uburayi bwa Repubulika ya Silovakiya (kanda hano ). Uriteguye Brexit mugihe ukora ubucuruzi nu Bwongereza? Isuzume ubwawe: //ec.europa.eu/urubuga

Ibirimo

I. Imiterere y'ubu
II. Scenario mugihe nta masezerano yumubano uzaza
1. Kuzana no kohereza ibicuruzwa
2. Imisoro itaziguye (Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro n'amahoro) ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga no kohereza mu mahanga
3. Inkomoko yibicuruzwa
4. Ubucuruzi muri serivisi
5. Impushya zo gutumiza / kohereza hanze zisabwa n'amategeko yubumwe
6. E-ubucuruzi
7. Amasoko ya Leta
8. /> 9. ku nkomoko yingufu ziva mumasoko mashya
10. Uburenganzira bwumuguzi nyuma ya Brexit ikabije
11. Menyesha


I. Imiterere y'ubu

Kubera imvururu zishingiye kuri politiki mu Bwongereza, zitemereye kwemeza amasezerano yo gusohoka mu nteko ishinga amategeko, igihe ntarengwa cya Brexit cyo ku ya 29 Werurwe 2019 cyongerewe kabiri bisabwe na Minisitiri w’intebe T. May, mbere kugeza ku ya 30 Kamena 2019 hanyuma nyuma kugeza ku ya 31 Ukwakira 2019. Muri Nyakanga 2019, T. Gicurasi yasimbuwe na Minisitiri w’intebe na B. Johnson, wongeye kuganira ku masezerano yo gusohoka na EU27. Ibiganiro byasojwe neza mu Kwakira 2019 n’ubwumvikane kuri "Ubwishingizi bwa Irilande", inyandiko y’umwimerere akaba ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye amajwi atatsindwa ku masezerano yo gusohoka mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza. Muri icyo gihe, yemeye ku itariki nshya ya Brexit guhera ku ya 31 Mutarama inyandiko birashoboka

Mubikorwa, ibi bivuze ko mugihe cyinzibacyuho, ibintu kubakoresha ubukungu ntabwo bihinduka mubyukuri mbere yo gusohoka . Abashinzwe ubukungu bazashobora kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo mu Bwongereza ibicuruzwa biva mu Bwongereza no gutanga no kwakira serivisi ku butegetsi bumwe n’uyu munsi, ni ukuvuga nta yandi mananiza, hamwe n’impamyabumenyi zihari kandi zemewe. Ubu bucuruzi ntibuzaba bugengwa n’imisoro ya gasutamo, igipimo cyo gutumiza mu mahanga cyangwa imisoro y’inyongera, cyangwa izindi nzitizi. Ntakintu kizahinduka mubyukuri bya buri munsi nkuko Ubwongereza bukomeza kugengwa n amategeko yisoko rimwe ryimbere mubucuruzi nubukungu.

Mugihe cyinzibacyuho, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Ubwongereza n’Ubwongereza bizaganira ku masezerano amasezerano y’imibanire izaza , agomba gukurikizwa nyuma y iherezo ryigihe cyinzibacyuho, i. j. bitarenze 1 Mutarama 2021 hakiri kare.Amasezerano yumubano azanashyiramo Amasezerano yubucuruzi bwisanzuye (FTA) . FTA igomba kuba yuzuye uko bishoboka kose (gukurikiza icyitegererezo cya FTA hamwe na Kanada), ariko uko byagenda kose urwego rwo hasi rwubufatanye bwubukungu kuruta isoko ryimbere yuburayi. Ibi bivuze ko ejo hazaza FTA ishobora kubamo ibicuruzwa byinshi mubucuruzi bwibicuruzwa muburyo bwimisoro, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, kubuza ibiciro (kubuza isuku na phytosanitarite, kubuza kumenyekanisha ibipimo bya tekiniki, nibindi) cyangwa inzitizi zishyirwaho. nigikorwa cyabatanga serivise ziterambere. umutwaro wubuyobozi. Ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi muri serivisi, FTA yemerera Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Ubwongereza n’Ubwongereza kwiyemeza kudakurikiza amategeko abuza gukumira cyangwa kuvangura mu gihe kiri imbere, usibye ibyo igihugu kibitse ku buryo bweruye mu cyo bita inyandiko zo kubika. Amasezerano yo mu bwoko bwa FTA nayo akoreshwa mubiteganijwe mubufatanye mugutunganya ubucuruzi muri serivisi, resp. ku bufatanye mu gukemura amakimbirane.

Amasezerano yo gusohoka arimo kandi " Irilande izakurikizwa nubwo nta masezerano yumvikana kumubano uzaza. "Ubwishingizi bwa Irlande" bufite agaciro byibuze imyaka 4 guhera 1 Mutarama 2021, keretse iyo byumvikanyweho ukundi mumasezerano yimibanire. Ubwishingizi buva muri Irilande y'Amajyaruguru ku isoko rimwe ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, bivuze ko bivuze ko nta cheque y’ibicuruzwa cyangwa abantu ku mupaka uhuza Repubulika ya Irilande na Irilande y'Amajyaruguru.


II. Scenario mugihe nta masezerano yumubano uzaza


Amakuru agezweho ya komisiyo yu Burayi kuri scenario nta masezerano yumubano uzaza:



1. INGINGO N'IBYEREKEZO BY'ibicuruzwa



Mugihe hatabayeho amasezerano yumubano uzaza cyangwa amasezerano yubucuruzi bwisanzuye, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Ubwongereza n’Ubwongereza bizahinduka ibihugu bidahuza ibihugu kuri iherezo ryigihe cyinzibacyuho. amasezerano yubucuruzi asubiranamo . ibi bivuze ko umubano w’ubucuruzi uzagengwa gusa n’amategeko y’umuryango w’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga (WTO) kandi impande zombi zizakoreshwa mu bucuruzi nk’uko Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ureba ibindi bihugu bitatu bidafite ubucuruzi bwihariye. amasezerano. Mu bucuruzi bwibicuruzwa, ibi bireba cyane cyane mumisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga, kimwe na gasutamo hamwe nuburyo bujyanye no kurekura ibicuruzwa.

Ubwongereza buzemera ku bushake amahoro yabwo yo gutumiza mu mahanga by'agateganyo, buzaba bwemewe mu gihe ntarengwa cy'umwaka 1 : ibiciro by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ariko bizakoreshwa ntizigomba gukorerwa), ububumbyi, ifumbire, lisansi, imyenda n imyenda, amapine. Ibiciro bizatanga itumizwa mu bihugu byose bidakunzwe, harimo na EU27 . Ibyifuzo byamahoro bizakoreshwa gusa mubitumizwa mubihugu aho Ubwongereza bumaze kugirana amasezerano yubucuruzi (urugero nka Chili, Ubusuwisi, Isiraheli, Ibirwa bya Faroe, ibihugu bya ESA - Iburasirazuba na Afrika yepfo) ndetse no mubihugu bimwe bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere munsi yuburyo rusange bwo guhitamo. Muri icyo gihe, Ubwongereza buzafata Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi imirimo yo kurwanya guta no kurwanya ibicuruzwa Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urwanya no gutera inkunga ibicuruzwa biva mu bihugu bya gatatu (ntibizakoreshwa ku bicuruzwa biva muri EU27).

Mu buryo buhuye n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’agateganyo, Ubwongereza buzakomeza gushyikirana na WTO ku bikoresho bishya by’imihigo, birimo n'inshingano nshya zisobanutse. Umushinga uheruka wubwongereza GATT na GATS biyemeje muri WTO birashoboka kuri



2. IMISORO YEREKANA (TVA A. IMISORO) KUBY'INGENZI NA EXPORTS
Ibintu mu Bwongereza. ukurikije Amabwiriza 2006/112 / EC yo ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 2006 kuri sisitemu rusange y’umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (aha ni ukuvuga "Amabwiriza ya TVA"). Ibi bivuze ko kwishyuza umusoro ku nyongeragaciro mugihe ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bisonewe TVA .

Abantu basoreshwa bifuza kungukirwa na imwe muri gahunda zidasanzwe z'umutwe wa XII, Igice cya 6 cy'Amabwiriza ya TVA (ibyo bita uburyo bworoshye bwo guhuza cyangwa gahunda ya 'MOSS') kandi batanga itumanaho, televiziyo na radiyo cyangwa serivisi za elegitoronike kubantu badasoreshwa muri EU, bagomba kwiyandikisha munsi ya MOSS mubihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.

Abantu basoreshwa bashinzwe mu Bwongereza, kugura ibicuruzwa na serivisi cyangwa gutumiza ibicuruzwa bitangirwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi wifuza gusaba gusubizwa iyi TVA ntibizaba bigishoboye kubikora hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga hakurikijwe Amabwiriza y’Inama Njyanama 2008/9 / EC, ariko bigomba kubisaba hakurikijwe hamwe n'amabwiriza y'Inama Njyanama 86/560 / EEC. Ibihugu bigize Umuryango birashobora gusubizwa munsi yaya Mabwiriza asabwa gusubiranamo.

Isosiyete yashinzwe mu Bwongereza ikora ibicuruzwa bisoreshwa mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi irashobora gusaba ko Ibihugu bigize Umuryango byagena uhagarariye imisoro nk’umuntu ugomba kwishyura umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ukurikije amabwiriza ya TVA.

Urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa byinjira mu bihugu by’Uburayi biva mu Bwongereza cyangwa byoherejwe cyangwa byajyanywe mu Bwongereza bivuye ku butaka bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bizafatwa nko gutumiza cyangwa kohereza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga inshingano ukurikije Amabwiriza y'Inama Njyanama 2008/118 / EC 16 Ukuboza 2008 kuri sisitemu rusange yimisoro. Ibi bivuze ko, hagati y’uko, uburyo bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga (EMCS) bitazongera gukoreshwa ubwabyo ku ihagarikwa ry’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu bihugu by’Uburayi bijya mu Bwongereza, uyu mutwe uzafatwa nk’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, hamwe n’igenzura ry’imisoro irangiye mu rwego rwo gusohoka muri EU. Kubwibyo, imenyekanisha ryoherezwa mu mahanga kimwe n’ubuyobozi bwa elegitoronike (e-AD) bizakenerwa kugira ngo ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byinjira mu Bwongereza. Imisoro ya gasutamo igomba kuzuzwa mbere yuko ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu Bwongereza muri EU mbere yuko bitwarwa muri sisitemu ya EMCS.

Gahunda ya gasutamo nyuma ya Brexit: https://www.financnasprava.sk/sk/danovi-a-colni-specialisti/clo/brexit .

ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu bihugu by’Uburayi amategeko akunda inkomoko. Mu kumenya inkomoko y’ibicuruzwa byakorewe mu gihugu cya gatatu aho Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ugirana amasezerano y’ubucuruzi, ibyinjira muri ibyo bicuruzwa bikomoka mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (ibikoresho kandi, mu masezerano amwe n'amwe, ibikorwa byo gutunganya) bizafatwa nkaho byaturutse muri ubwo Burayi. ibihugu (cumulation nuburyo kugena inkomoko yingenzi byerekanwe mumasezerano yubucuruzi akenewe kandi birashobora gutandukana mubyumvikanyweho nibindi. urashobora kubisanga kuri

Mu kumenya inkomoko y’ibanze, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ufatwa nk’akarere kamwe nta gutandukanya ibihugu bigize Umuryango. Kubwibyo, inyongeramusaruro ziva mubwongereza (ibikoresho cyangwa ibikorwa byo gutunganya) kuri ubu bifatwa nkibirimo "EU" mugihe hamenyekanye inkomoko yibicuruzwa muri EU.

Inkomoko y'ibicuruzwa abategetsi ba leta bakomokamo ") cyangwa abatumiza ibicuruzwa ubwabo (hashingiwe kubanza kubyemererwa cyangwa kwiyandikisha) muri" imenyekanisha "cyangwa" ibyemezo "byaturutse ku nyandiko z'ubucuruzi. Inkomoko y'ibicuruzwa irashobora, bisabwe n’Ishyaka ritumiza mu mahanga, bigomba kugenzurwa n’ishyaka ryohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.

> > inzira yo gukora no gutanga ibikoresho kugeza kohereza ibicuruzwa byanyuma. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’abakora ibicuruzwa bakoresha sisitemu yihariye y’ibaruramari, inyandiko hamwe n’inyandiko ziboneka kuri EU.



INGARUKA Z'UBWAMI BW'UBWAMI BUMWE

Guhera kumunsi wo kuvaho, Ubwongereza buzaba igihugu cya gatatu gihagaritse Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ibicuruzwa biva mu Bwongereza (ibikoresho cyangwa ibikorwa byo gutunganya) bifatwa nk "" bidakomoka "mumasezerano yubucuruzi akunda kugena inkomoko yibicuruzwa birimo ibyo byinjira. Ibi bivuze:



Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe muri EU:

Kuva umunsi wavanyweho, igihugu Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi gifite amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu ushobora gutekereza ko ibicuruzwa byari bifite inkomoko mu bihugu by’Uburayi mbere y’itariki yo kubikuramo bitagishoboye kubahiriza ibikenewe mu gihe byinjira mu mahanga kiriya gihugu cya gatatu, nkuko ibyanditswe mubwongereza bidafatwa nkibiri muri EU.

Mugihe hagenzurwa inkomoko yibicuruzwa byoherezwa mugihugu cya gatatu bivurwa neza, icyo gihugu cya gatatu kirashobora, guhera umunsi cyo gusohoka, gisaba kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ya EU-27 kwerekana inkomoko yabyo muburayi, kuko ibicuruzwa biva mubwongereza ntabwo aribyo igihe kirekire gifatwa nk "ibirimo". z />

Ibicuruzwa biva mu Bwongereza bikubiye mu bicuruzwa byabonetse mu bihugu bya gatatu aho Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ugirana amasezerano y’ubucuruzi kandi ukinjizwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uzaba «udakomoka» ku munsi wo gusohoka, cyane cyane mu rwego rwo gukusanya inkomoko hamwe na EU.

Mugihe cyo kugenzura inkomoko yibicuruzwa byatumijwe muri EU, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze mubihugu bitatu barashobora gusabwa kuva umunsi basohokamo kugirango bagaragaze inkomoko yibicuruzwa byatumijwe muburayi.



ICYEMEZO CY'AMASHYAKA ASHAKA



Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe muri EU:

Urebye ingaruka zavuzwe haruguru, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze n’abakora ibicuruzwa muri EU-27 bifuza gusaba kwishyurwa ku bicuruzwa byoroheje mu gihugu aho Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ugirana amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu kuva umunsi waviriyemo basabwa:

  • Muguhitamo inkomoko yibicuruzwa byabo muri EU, batekereje kubyinjira Ubwami nka nep idakomoka '; na Kuri
  • fata ingamba zikwiye zo kubemerera kwerekana inkomoko y'ibicuruzwa byabo muri EU mugihe habaye igenzura ryakurikiyeho, utitaye ku nyongeramusaruro zaturutse mu Bwongereza nka "Ibirimo EU".



Ibicuruzwa byinjijwe muri EU:

Abatumiza mu mahanga EU-27 barashishikarizwa kwemeza ko ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bizashobora kwerekana inkomoko y’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu bihugu by’Uburayi, bitewe n’ingaruka zo kuva mu Bwongereza.


Urubuga rwa komisiyo ishinzwe imisoro n’ubumwe bwa gasutamo: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/ubucuruzi a>

hamwe nububikoshingiro bwo kugera andi makuru yerekeye inkomoko yibicuruzwa. Uru rubuga ruzavugururwa hamwe namakuru yinyongera nkuko bikenewe.



4. UBUCURUZI MU MURIMO



Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi muri serivisi, umubano w’ubucuruzi uzagorana no kongera imitwaro y’ubuyobozi, kuko abatanga serivisi bazasabwa kwishyiriraho / kwiyandikisha muri igihugu cyakira muburyo bumwe nabatanga serivise baturutse mubihugu bya gatatu. Umubano w’ubwisanzure uzagengwa gusa n’amategeko ya WTO hamwe n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Ubwongereza. Urutonde rwabigenewe rurimo imirenge ya serivisi aho Ishyaka ryagiranye amasezerano ryagize uburenganzira (ariko ntabwo ari inshingano) bwo gufata ingamba zose zivangura cyangwa zo gukumira. Izi ntonde zo kubika mubucuruzi muri serivisi zerekana igipimo ntarengwa cyo guhuza n'igihugu. Nyamara, urebye ubukungu bwifunguye byombi, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Ubwongereza bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugera ku masoko yabo kuruta uko biyemeje muri WTO. Amasezerano y’Ubwongereza n’amasezerano y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi azaboneka ku rubuga rwa WTO: https: / /www.wto.org/Icyongereza/tratop_e/serv_e/serv_commitments_e.htm .



5. LICENSES Z'INGENZI / YOHEREJWE MU BIKORWA BISABWA MU MATEGEKO Y’UBUMWE


impushya zo kohereza mu mahanga "). Mu bihe byinshi, uruhushya rwo kohereza muri Ubumwe ntirusabwa cyangwa ruratandukanye. Impushya zo gutumiza / kohereza hanze mubisanzwe zitangwa ninzego zigihugu zibishinzwe no kubahiriza bigenzurwa nkigice cyo kugenzura gasutamo mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi.

Guhera ku munsi wo kugenda, niba ibicuruzwa / gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bisabwa uruhushya rutangwa n’amategeko y’ubumwe, ibicuruzwa biva mu bihugu 27 bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bijya mu Bwongereza naho ubundi bizasaba uruhushya rwo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga. < / p>


Amategeko y’ubumwe arashobora guteganya uburyo bwo gutumiza / kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bitangwa n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango uretse ibihugu bigize Umuryango ibicuruzwa byinjira cyangwa biva mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.

Kuva umunsi wavanyweho, impushya zo gutumiza / kohereza mu mahanga zimaze gutangwa n’Ubwongereza nk’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi hakurikijwe amategeko y’ubumwe kugira ngo byoherezwe mu bihugu 27 by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bivuye mu bindi bihugu.



BYIZA BYIZA

Impushya zo gutumiza / kohereza hanze zirahari cyane uduce twa politiki no kubintu byinshi, harimo ibi bikurikira:




6. SHOP YA ELECTRONIQUE



IGIHUGU CY'AMAHAME AKURIKIRA

Dukurikije itangwa ryisoko ryimbere (nanone ryitwa igihugu cyaturutseho) mu ngingo ya 3 yubuyobozi bwa E-Ubucuruzi, utanga serivise za societe yamakuru (serivise zamakuru asobanurwa nk "serivisi iyo ari yo yose isanzwe ihembwa, kure, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa elegitoronike kandi bisabwe ku giti cye n'uwahawe serivisi "- reba ingingo ya 1 (1) b) amabwiriza .

Uru rupapuro ruzavugururwa nkibikenewe bijyanye no kuva mu Bwongereza.

Amabwiriza ya e-ubucuruzi akubiyemo, urugero, serivisi zamakuru kumurongo (nkibinyamakuru byo kumurongo), kugurisha ibicuruzwa na serivisi kumurongo (ibitabo, serivisi zimari na serivisi zubukerarugendo), kwamamaza kumurongo, serivisi zumwuga (abanyamategeko, abaganga, nyabyo abakozi bashinzwe imitungo)., serivisi zimyidagaduro na serivisi zingenzi zo hagati (kubona interineti, kohereza amakuru no kubakira, ni ukuvuga kubika amakuru kuri mudasobwa yakiriye). Izi serivisi zirimo kandi serivisi zitangwa kubakiriye kubuntu, ziterwa inkunga, kurugero, kwamamaza cyangwa imisanzu yo gutera inkunga.



7. ITANGAZO RYA RUHAME



Ukurikiza Guhera ku munsi wo kuvaho, itegeko ry’amasoko ya leta y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ntirizongera gukurikizwa mu bukungu bw’ubukungu rikoresha ingwate zose zijyanye n'amategeko agenga amasoko ya EU . Urutonde rwibikoresho bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu rwego rwo gutanga amasoko uraboneka kuri

Ibisobanuro byuburyo bwo gutanga amasoko yatangijwe nubuyobozi bw’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku munsi wo kubikuramo:

  • Abakora mubwongereza bazagira status nkabandi ibigo bya gatatu by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bidafite amasezerano yo gufungura isoko ry’amasoko ya Leta. Bazagengwa rero n’amategeko amwe n’igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose. komera>.
  • Ingingo ya 85 y Amabwiriza 2014/25 / EU, agenga uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko yo kugura ibicuruzwa n’ibigo bikorera mu nzego z’amazi, ingufu, ubwikorezi n’amaposita, iteganya ko amasoko yatanzwe muri EU ashobora kwangwa iyo: umugabane wibicuruzwa bikomoka mu bihugu bya gatatu aho Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi utigeze ugirana amasezerano azaha amasosiyete y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uburyo bwo kugereranya no gukora neza ku masoko y’ibi bihugu bya gatatu arenga 50% by’agaciro k’ibicuruzwa bigize isoko. Nubwo nta byifuzo nkibi ntibashobora kubyara itangwa ryamasezerano aho hari amasoko ahwanye na munsi ya 50% yibicuruzwa bikomoka mubihugu bya gatatu. Kubwibyo, muri ubu bwoko bwamasoko yuburayi, amasoko arimo ibicuruzwa birenga 50% bikomoka mubwongereza cyangwa mubihugu bya gatatu bizangwa cyangwa ntibishobora gutuma habaho igihembo cyamasezerano.
  • Nkuko byavuzwe mu gitabo cya 18 cy’Amabwiriza ya 2009/81 / EC, agenga uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko n’inzego zishinzwe amasezerano n’inzego z’ingabo n’umutekano8, Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bigumana ububasha bwo kumenya niba inzego z’amasezerano n’ibigo byemerera ubukungu abakora. baturutse mu bihugu bya gatatu kwishora mubikorwa byo gutanga amasoko yumutekano n’umutekano. Abashinzwe ubukungu mu Bwongereza rero barashobora kuvanwa mu guhindura amasoko mu rwego rwo kwirinda n’umutekano.
  • Mubyongeyeho, ingingo ya 22 yubuyobozi 2009/81 / EC ko ibihugu bigize uyu muryango byemera ibyemezo by’umutekano bibona ko bihwanye n’umutekano watanzwe hakurikijwe amategeko y’igihugu. Ubwongereza ntibuzongera gusabwa kumenya ibyemezo by’umutekano byabonetse n’abakora mu Bwongereza, kabone niyo byaba bibona ko bihwanye n’umutekano w’igihugu. Ibi birashobora gutuma habaho gukumira ihuriro ry’umutekano w’Ubwongereza mu buryo bwo kwirinda no gutanga amasoko y’umutekano.

Kubijyanye nuburyo bwo gutanga amasoko butazarangirana nigihe cyo kuvaho, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urashaka kumvikana n’Ubwongereza ku bisubizo mu masezerano yo kubikuramo. Amahame shingiro ashimangira imyanya yubumwe bwibihugu byuburyo bwo gutanga amasoko burahari kuri:

https: / / ec.europa.eu/iterambere

Ubwongereza bwagaragaje ko bwifuza kwinjira mu masezerano ya Amasoko ya Leta (GPA) mu rwego rwo kwiyemeza WTO nyuma yo kuva muri EU kandi itanga icyifuzo cyuko itanga amasoko ya leta. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi washyigikiye iki gikorwa. Mu nama ya Komite ya GPA ku ya 28 Gashyantare 2019, impande zose za GPA zemeye ko Ubwongereza bwinjira muri GPA. Mu rwego rwo kongera gahunda yo kuva mu Bwongereza mu gihe cy’amezi 6, Komite ya GPA yemeje ko ku ya 26 Kamena 2019 hongerwa igihe ntarengwa cy’uko Ubwongereza bwo gushyira ibikoresho byinjira muri GPA mu cyifuzo cy’Ubwongereza. ibikubiye muri gahunda iriho yo kwiyemeza kw’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi hakurikijwe aya masezerano bisubirwamo ku buryo bukoreshwa mu Bwongereza. Icyari kigamijwe kwari ugukomeza urwego rumwe rwo kubona isoko ku yandi mashyaka nyuma yo kwinjira muri GPA. Ku bijyanye no gusubiramo ingingo z’amasezerano y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Ubwongereza bugomba guhindura tekinike kugira ngo harebwe ko amategeko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi atazongera gukurikizwa mu Bwongereza. GPA izasaba Ubwongereza nk’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kugeza igihe yaviriye mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, cyangwa kugeza igihe cy’inzibacyuho kirangiye niba EU n’Ubwongereza byagiranye amasezerano ateganya igihe cy’inzibacyuho ubwo Ubumwe amategeko yakurikizwa. no mubwongereza.



8. ENERGY



Ukurikije ingamba zose zishobora gushyirwaho guhera umunsi wavanyweho, amategeko agenga isoko ry’ingufu z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Uburayi n’Inama Njyanama yo ku ya 13 Nyakanga 2009 yerekeye amategeko ahuriweho ku isoko ry’imbere mu mashanyarazi, Amabwiriza 2009/73 / EC y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Uburayi n’Inama Njyanama yerekeye amategeko rusange agenga isoko ry’imbere muri gaze gasanzwe 2009 ashyiraho Ikigo ku bufatanye n’ubugenzuzi bw’ingufu, Amabwiriza (EC) No 714/2009 y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Uburayi n’Inama Njyanama yo ku ya 13 Nyakanga 2009 ku bijyanye n’uburyo bwo kubona uburyo bwo guhanahana imipaka mu mashanyarazi, Amabwiriza (EC) No No 715 / 2009 yo ku ya 13 Nyakanga 2009 ku bijyanye n’ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu agere ku miyoboro isanzwe yohereza gazi (Amabwiriza (EU) No 1227/2011 y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Uburayi n’Inama Njyanama yo ku ya 25 Ukwakira 2011 yerekeye ubusugire bw’isoko ry’ingufu no gukorera mu mucyo) Bimaze kuba muri Amerika ntabwo bizakoreshwa . Ibi bizagira ingaruka :


Mu Mabwiriza (EC) Oya Amabwiriza (EC) No 714/2009 y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Uburayi n’Inama Njyanama yo ku ya 13 Nyakanga 2009 yerekeye ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo guhanahana imipaka mu mashanyarazi - reba cyane cyane ingingo ya 13 na 14) ishyiraho amahame y’indishyi. uburyo bukoreshwa hagati ya TSOs nuburyo bwo kugera kuri sisitemu.

Hashingiwe kuri aya mahame, Amabwiriza ya Komisiyo (EU) No. Amabwiriza ya Komisiyo (EU) No 838/2010 yo ku ya 23 Nzeri 2010 ashyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho werekana uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi hagati y’abakora sisitemu yohereza no gukoresha uburyo rusange bwo kwishyuza - reba ingingo ya 2 n'iya 3 z'umugereka A) ko TSOs z’Uburayi zibishinzwe. kubwo kwakira amashanyarazi yambukiranya imipaka mumiyoboro yabo. Ibi asimbuza amafaranga asobanutse yo gukoresha imiyoboro.

Ku bijyanye no gutumiza no kohereza amashanyarazi mu bihugu bya gatatu, Amabwiriza ya Komisiyo (EU) No. Amabwiriza (EC) No 838/2010 (ingingo ya 7 y Umugereka A ku Mabwiriza ya Komisiyo (EU) No 838/2010) ateganya ko ibyateganijwe gutumizwa mu mahanga no kohereza amashanyarazi mu bihugu byose bya gatatu bitemera amasezerano akurikiza amategeko y’ubumwe bigomba kwishyurwa amafaranga yo gukoresha sisitemu yo kohereza. Guhera ku munsi wavanyweho, iyi ngingo izakurikizwa no gutumiza amashanyarazi mu Bwongereza no kohereza mu Bwongereza.



IHURIRO RY'INGENZI

Amategeko y’isoko ry’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’amashanyarazi ashyiraho amategeko agenga itangwa ry’ubushobozi n’uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ayo mategeko. By'umwihariko:

Amabwiriza ya Komisiyo (EU) 2016/1719 (reba ingingo ya 48 kugeza kuri 50 y'Amabwiriza ya Komisiyo (EU) 2016/1719 yo ku ya 26. 2016 hashyirwaho umurongo ngenderwaho mugutanga ubushobozi bwigihe kirekire) urubuga rumwe rwo kugabura ubushobozi bwigihe kirekire bwimikoranire ya TSO. Ihuriro ni ingingo nkuru ihuza abitabiriye isoko kugirango babike ubushobozi bwo kohereza igihe kirekire muri EU;
  • Amabwiriza ya Komisiyo (EU) 2017/2195 (reba ingingo ya 19 kugeza ku ya 21 y’amabwiriza agenga komisiyo (EU) 2017/2195 yo ku ya 23 Ugushyingo 2017 ashyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho mu kuringaniza amashanyarazi) ashyiraho uburyo bwo guhanahana ingufu z’ibihugu by’i Burayi guhanahana ibicuruzwa bisanzwe. Izi porogaramu, nkingingo imwe yo guhuza, yemerera EU TSOs kubona ingufu zigenga imipaka kandi mbere gato yo kuyikoresha;
  • Amabwiriza ya Komisiyo (EU) 2015/1222 (reba Igice cya 5 n'icya 6 by'Amabwiriza ya Komisiyo (EU) 2015/1222 yo ku ya 24 Nyakanga 2015 ashyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho wo kugabana ubushobozi no gucunga ibibazo) atangiza imwe amasoko y'amashanyarazi ya buri munsi na buri munsi muri EU. Ibi byorohereza abitabiriye isoko gutunganya ibikorwa byambukiranya imipaka mubucuruzi bwamashanyarazi muri EU mbere yigihe cyo gutanga. Umunsi umwe hamwe nisoko ryumunsi guhuza ibikoresho nibikoresho byingenzi byo guhuza isoko ryamashanyarazi yimbere muri EU. Amabwiriza (EU) 2015/1222 ashyiraho kandi ibisabwa kugirango hamenyekane abakora isoko ry’amashanyarazi batoranijwe mu rwego rwo guhuza isoko. Mubikorwa byabo harimo kwakira amabwiriza yatanzwe nabitabiriye isoko, bafite inshingano rusange zo guhuza no kugabura ibicuruzwa ukurikije ibisubizo byumunsi umwe no guhuza amasoko kumunsi, guhuza ibiciro, hamwe no gukuraho no gukemura amasezerano akomoka mubikorwa byubucuruzi mumasezerano abigiramo uruhare. n'amategeko. Abahatanira isoko ry'amashanyarazi bafite uburenganzira bwo gutanga serivisi zabo mubihugu bigize Umuryango uretse ibihugu bigize Umuryango ibyo bagenewe.

    • Guhera ku munsi wo kuvaho, abashoramari bakorera mu Bwongereza bazahagarika kwitabira urubuga rumwe rwo gutanga ubushobozi bwigihe kirekire cyo guhuza imiyoboro, urubuga rwiburayi rufite ingufu zigenga hamwe no guhuza umunsi hamwe nisoko ryumunsi. Abakozi bashinzwe isoko ry’amashanyarazi batoranijwe bafite icyicaro mu Bwongereza bazaba abakora mu gihugu cya gatatu kandi ntibazongera kwemererwa gutanga serivisi z’isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.



    AMATORA N'UBUCURUZI BWA GAZ

    Mu Mabwiriza (EU) Oya Amabwiriza (EU) No 1227/2011 y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Uburayi n’Inama Njyanama yo ku ya 25 Ukwakira 2011 yerekeye ubusugire bw’isoko ry’ingufu nyinshi no gukorera mu mucyo bibuza gukoresha nabi isoko ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi n’ibicuruzwa bya EU. Mu rwego rwo gukurikirana ibibazo byo gukoresha nabi isoko, ingingo ya 9 (1) 1 nariadenia (EU) č. 1227/2011 uhereye kubitabiriye isoko rya EU kwiyandikisha hamwe nimbaraga zabo zigihugu. Abitabiriye isoko ryigihugu cya gatatu basabwa kwiyandikisha mubigo bishinzwe ingufu zigihugu mubihugu bakoreramo.

    Guhera kumunsi wo kubikuramo, abitabiriye isoko bakorera mubwongereza bazaba abitabiriye igihugu cya gatatu. Kubwibyo, dukurikije ingingo ya 9 (1) 1 nariadenia (EU) č. Mu Mabwiriza (EU) No 1227/2011, abitabiriye amahugurwa mu Bwongereza bifuza gukomeza gucuruza ibicuruzwa by’ingufu z’ibihugu by’Uburayi bagomba kwiyandikisha mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu z’ibihugu bakoreramo. Dukurikije ingingo ya 9 igika. 4 nariadenia (EU) č. 1227/2011, urupapuro rwo kwiyandikisha rugomba gutangwa mbere y’uko amasezerano arangira, bigomba kwemeza ko ingingo zubahirizwa zivugwa mu ngingo ya 13 kugeza ku ya 18 z’amabwiriza (EU) No 1227/2011. 1227/2011 birashoboka nubuyobozi bushinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa byigihugu byanditse abitabiriye isoko ryu Bwongereza.



    INGARUKA ZA PPS

    > 72 / EC y'Inteko ishinga amategeko y’uburayi n’Inama Njyanama 73 / EC yerekeye amategeko rusange agenga isoko ryimbere muri gaze gasanzwe) ateganya icyemezo cya TSOs. Dukurikije ingingo ya 11 yubuyobozi 2009/72 / EC nubuyobozi bwa 2009/73 / EC, icyemezo cya TSOs kigenzurwa numuntu wigihugu cya gatatu kigengwa namategeko yihariye. By'umwihariko, Amabwiriza asaba ibihugu bigize Umuryango na Komisiyo gusuzuma niba gutanga ibyemezo kuri TSO bireba, bigenzurwa n’abantu bo mu gihugu cya gatatu, byahungabanya umutekano w’ingufu z’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.

    TSOs igenzurwa nabashoramari bo mubwongereza kumunsi wo gukuramo bifatwa nkaho kugenzurwa nabantu bava mugihugu cya gatatu. Kugirango izo TSOs zikomeze gukorera muri EU, bakeneye ibyemezo hakurikijwe ingingo ya 11 yubuyobozi 2009/72 / EC nubuyobozi bwa 2009/73 / EC. Ibihugu bigize Umuryango birashobora kwanga ibyemezo iyo kubitanga bibangamiye umutekano w’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu bigize Umuryango.


    Amabwiriza 94/22 / EC (Amabwiriza 94/22 / EC y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Uburayi n’Inama Njyanama yo ku ya 30 Gicurasi 1994 ku bijyanye no gutanga no gukoresha uburenganzira bwo gushakisha, gushakisha no gukora hydrocarbone) ashyiraho amategeko agenga uburenganzira bwo gushakisha, gushakisha no gukuramo hydrocarubone. Mubindi bintu, iremeza ko inzira zifungura ibigo byose kandi uburenganzira butangwa hashingiwe kubintu bifatika kandi byatangajwe. Dukurikije ingingo ya 2 igika. Mu gika cya kabiri cyingingo ya 94 (2) y Amabwiriza 94/22 / EC, Ibihugu bigize Umuryango birashobora guhakana kugera no gukoresha ibyo bikorwa kurwego urwo arirwo rwose rugenzurwa nibihugu bitatu cyangwa abenegihugu bo mugihugu cya gatatu.

    Guhera ku munsi wo gukuramo, ingingo ya 2 (1) Ingingo ya 2 y Amabwiriza 94/22 / EC irakurikizwa aho uruhushya rwatanzwe cyangwa rusabwa numubiri ugenzurwa nubwongereza cyangwa ubwongereza.

    Amakuru rusange arahari kurubuga rwa Politiki yingufu za Komisiyo ( https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en / urugo ).

    Uru rubuga ruzavugururwa hamwe nibindi byongeweho nkuko bikenewe.



    9. ICYEMEZO KURI INKOMOKO YO GUKORESHA AMASOKO ASUBIZWA


    Haseguriwe ingamba zose zinzibacyuho zishobora gutangwa mumasezerano ayo ari yo yose yo gukuramo, Amabwiriza agomba kubijyanye no guteza imbere ikoreshwa ryingufu zituruka kumasoko ashobora kuvugururwa hamwe nubuyobozi bwa 2012/27 / EU kubijyanye no gukoresha ingufu ntibizongera gukoreshwa mubwongereza. Mubice byimpamyabumenyi yinkomoko hamwe nicyemezo cyabashizeho, ibi bizagira ingaruka zikurikira byumwihariko:



    ICYEMEZO CY'INKOMOKO

    Dukurikije ingingo ya 15 (<) Dukurikije ingingo ya 2 y’Amabwiriza 2009/28 / EC, Ibihugu bigize Umuryango bigomba kwemeza ko icyemezo cy’inkomoko gitanzwe bisabwe n’umuyagankuba uturuka ku masoko y’ingufu zishobora kubaho. Icyemezo cy'inkomoko gitangwa hagamijwe kwerekana umugabane cyangwa ingano yingufu zituruka kumasoko ashobora kuvugururwa mungufu zitanga isoko kugeza kubakiriya ba nyuma hakurikijwe ingingo ya 3 (2). 9 y'Amabwiriza 2009/72 / EC. Dukurikije ingingo ya 15 (2) Dukurikije ingingo ya 9 y Amabwiriza 2009/28 / EC, Ibihugu bigize Umuryango bigomba kumenya ibyemezo by’inkomoko n’ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango.

    Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi 27 ntibizongera kumenya ibyemezo by’inkomoko byatanzwe hakurikijwe ingingo ya 15 uhereye igihe byaviriye. 2 yubuyobozi 2009/28 / EC nubuyobozi bwabigenewe mubwongereza.

    Dukurikije ingingo ya 14 (<) Dukurikije ingingo ya 10 y’Amabwiriza 2012/27 / EU, Ibihugu bigize uyu muryango bigomba kwemeza ko inkomoko y’amashanyarazi ikomoka kuri cogeneration ikora neza ishobora kwemezwa hashingiwe ku ngingo zifatika, mu mucyo no kutavangura kandi bigomba gutanga ibyemezo by’inkomoko bikoresha uburyo bwa elegitoroniki. ingano ya 1 MWh byibuze amakuru yashyizwe kumugereka X. Ibihugu bigize umuryango bigomba kumenyekanisha ibyemezo byinkomoko.

    Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi 27 ntibizongera kumenya ibyemezo by’inkomoko byatanzwe hakurikijwe ingingo ya 14 (2) uhereye igihe byaviriye. 10 y'Amabwiriza 2012/27 / EU n'ubuyobozi bwabigenewe mu Bwongereza.

    CERTIFICATION KUBERA ingingo ya 14 (1) Dukurikije ingingo ya 3 y’Amabwiriza 2009/28 / EC, Ibihugu bigize Umuryango bigomba kwemeza ko abashyiraho ibyuma bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito, sisitemu yo gushyushya, sisitemu ya geothermal sisitemu na pompe yubushyuhe, gahunda yo gutanga ibyemezo cyangwa sisitemu ihwanye nayo ishingiye kubipimo bivugwa kumugereka wa IV kuri ayo mabwiriza byari bihari. Ibihugu bigize Umuryango bigomba kumenya ibyemezo byatanzwe n’ibindi bihugu bigize uyu muryango ukurikije ibi bipimo.

    Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi 27 ntibizongera kumenya ibyemezo byabashinzwe byatanzwe n’Ubwongereza hakurikijwe ingingo ya 14 (2) uhereye igihe byaviriye. 3 y'Amabwiriza 2009/28 / EC.

    Ibisobanuro rusange birahari kurubuga rwa Politiki yingufu za Komisiyo: https: // ec. Europa .eu / ingufu / en / urugo .

    Uru rubuga ruzavugururwa namakuru agezweho nkuko bikenewe.



    10. UBURENGANZIRA BUKORESHEJWE NYUMA YO KUBA BREXITE



    Nyuma yijambo ryu Bwongereza hatabayeho kwemezwa n’amasezerano agenga imibanire y’ubufatanye, abaturage ba Repubulika ya Silovakiya bagura mu Bwongereza ntibazahita bahabwa uburenganzira bw’umuguzi bafite mu mategeko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Amategeko y’igihugu cy’Ubwongereza muri iki gihe ahujwe n’amategeko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ariko Ubwongereza ntibuzahatirwa gukomeza iki kibazo nibimara kwegura. Nkigisubizo, hashobora kubaho impinduka mumategeko yigihugu mubwongereza, bishobora gusobanura urwego rutandukanye rwo kurengera abaguzi kurenza uko bamenyereye mugihe cyo guhaha muri EU. Nyamara, kurengera umuguzi hakurikijwe amategeko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bizakoreshwa no kugura u Bwongereza niba umucuruzi w’Ubwongereza azibanda ku bucuruzi ku baguzi bo muri Repubulika ya Silovakiya. Minisiteri rero irasaba kongera ubushishozi muri ibicuruzwa na serivisi biva mu Bwongereza.

    Abaguzi bo muri Repubulika ya Silovakiya nabo ntibazashobora gukoresha urubuga rw’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu makimbirane yo gukemura amakimbirane hanze y’urukiko no gukemura amakimbirane kuri interineti mu makimbirane n’abacuruzi bo mu Bwongereza. Ikigo cy’Abaguzi cy’Uburayi mu Bwongereza kizahagarika kuba umunyamuryango w’umuryango w’ibihugu by’i Burayi, ibyo bizarinda kuvugana n’ikigo cy’abaguzi cy’ibihugu by’i Burayi muri Repubulika ya Silovakiya kugira ngo gifashe mu gukemura amakimbirane hagati y’umuturage wa Silovakiya n’Ubwongereza. umucuruzi.

    Niba umuguzi wa Silovakiya ahisemo kwemeza uburenganzira bwe bw’umuguzi ku mucuruzi w’Ubwongereza mu rukiko, kuva mu Bwongereza kuva mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ntacyo bizahindura kuri icyo gikorwa niba umucuruzi w’Ubwongereza yagurishije ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi ku baguzi mu gihugu., muri abaho. Icyakora, icyemezo cy'urukiko rwa Repubulika ya Silovakiya mu makimbirane y'abaguzi ntikizahita cyemeza ko icyemezo cyo kumenyekana no gushyira mu bikorwa icyo cyemezo mu Bwongereza. Urubanza nk'urwo ruzashoboka gusa kumenya no gushyira mu bikorwa mu gihe urukiko rwo mu Bwongereza rwemeje, hakurikijwe amategeko y'igihugu cyabo, kwemeza no gushyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cy'urukiko cyaturutse mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu mpaka z’abaguzi.

    Ibisobanuro birambuye ku mpinduka z’uburenganzira bw’umuguzi n’inshingano nyuma y’uko Ubwongereza buvuye mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi murashobora kubisanga ku rubuga rwa komisiyo y’Uburayi (

    11. TWANDIKIRE


    Mugihe haribindi bibazo bijyanye na Brexit, biri mubushobozi bwa MH SR, urashobora kutwandikira kuri e-imeri     brexit@mhsr.sk .



    Inkomoko: Minisiteri yubukungu ya Repubulika ya Silovakiya, 3.4.2020
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