17. Gicurasi rwose ni umunsi mukuru mukuru wigihugu muri Noruveje. Ni iki cyabaye ku ya 17 Gicurasi 1814 muri Noruveje, byagenze bite, Abanyanoruveje bizihiza iki kandi ni ukubera iki uyu munsi ari uw'ingenzi kuri bo? Kandi ni ukubera iki imyigaragambyo y'abanyamakuru bo muri Noruveje ibabaza cyane muri uyu mwaka?
Ibirori byo ku ya 17 Gicurasi bisobanura kuri Noruveje kwizihiza ubwigenge ndetse no gutsinda byimazeyo itegeko nshinga muri iki gihugu. Kuva mu 1380, Noruveje, kugeza icyo gihe ubwami bwigenga, bwunze ubumwe mu bumwe na Danemark. Buhoro buhoro bwarushijeho kuba igice cya Danemark, kandi ibiro byose byo hagati byari mu murwa mukuru, Copenhagen. Noruveje, ariko cyane cyane guhera mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 benshi basabye ko ibiro bimwe byimurirwa muri Noruveje. Byibanze ahanini kuri kaminuza na banki. Mu 1807, Danemark yinjiye muri Napoleon mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Napoleon, ariko ibyo byangije inyungu z'igice cya Noruveje, cyari gishingiye rwose ku bucuruzi n'umwanzi ukomeye wa Napoleon, mu Bwongereza. Imyaka itoroshye yaje muri Noruveje, kandi hari n'amajwi adasanzwe ya Noruveje yunze ubumwe na Suwede, yari mu muryango w’abanzi barwanya Napoleon kuva mu 1809 kandi ugerageza kwigarurira Noruveje. Amaherezo yaje kubigeraho muri Mutarama 1814, igihe Danemark yagombaga kureka igice cya Noruveje, igihugu cyaguzwe n'umwami wa Suwede.
Abanyanoruveje, bayobowe nigikomangoma cya Danemark na muri Noruveje na Christian Frederik, bagerageje guhindura iherezo rya Noruveje no kubona ubwigenge. Igikomangoma cya Danemark cyashyizeho umwete cyo kuba umwami w’umurage utaziguye nticyabonye inkunga muri Noruveje, kandi Christian Frederik yahuye n'ikibazo cyo muri Noruveje gisaba ko hashyirwaho itegeko nshinga. Amaherezo yaje kwemera ibyo basabye maze atumiza Reichstag, umurimo we w'ingenzi ni ugutegura no kwemeza itegeko nshinga no gutora umwami.
17. Muri Gicurasi 1814, Inteko ya cyami ya Noruveje yemeje itegeko nshinga rya mbere rya Noruveje kandi itora igikomangoma cyo muri Danemarke, regent Christian Frederik nk'umwami wa Noruveje.Itegeko nshinga ryarimo ibintu byinshi byo mu yandi mategeko shingiro y'icyo gihe, aribyo kandi birumvikana ko ingingo nyinshi zo muri Noruveje. Muri rusange, itegeko nshinga ryari demokarasi cyane kandi, ukurikije ibipimo byicyo gihe, umubare munini wabagabo bo muri Noruveje babonye uburenganzira bwo gutora.
Iyi mbaraga y’Abanyanorveje yo kwigenga ntiyigeze isubizwa, kandi Abanyanoruveje binjiye mu bumwe na Suwede mu mpeshyi ya 1814. Uzaba umwami wa Suwede, Karl Johan, na we yemeye ko nyuma y'impinduka zimwe na zimwe Abanyanoruveje bashobora kubahiriza itegeko nshinga kandi bagahabwa ubuyobozi bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Birumvikana ko itegeko nshinga ryahinduwe kandi ryuzuzwa inshuro nyinshi nyuma, ariko riracyari itegeko nshinga ryemewe rya Noruveje. Niyo mpamvu rero uyu munsi ukomeje kwizihizwa cyane.
Ibwami gakondo ku ya 17 Gicurasi, ahagarara kuri balkoni ya Royal Castle Slottet i Oslo, kuva aho azunguruka yerekeza ku mbaga y'abantu barengana, cyane cyane urugendo rwo mu gitondo rurakunzwe cyane. Castle Slottet iherereye hagati mu mujyi kandi iri ku musozi, umuhanda munini Karl Johan arakingura. Birumvikana ko ibirori ari binini muri Oslo, ariko rwose birasanzwe mu mujyi wa Noruveje cyane ku isi, Bergen.
Ibirori mumujyi wa kabiri munini Bergen nabyo bifite umwihariko wabyo. I Bergen, ingendo za korari y'abana bo muri uwo mujyi, ibyo bita buekorpser, yabayeho kuva hagati yikinyejana cya 19. Iyi corps iragenda hamwe nibendera ryingoma ningoma kuri beat. Buri korari ihujwe n'akarere runaka k'umujyi. Ku ya 17 Gicurasi, amakorari agenda yambaye imyenda imwe, abahungu bitwaje imbunda zikoze mu giti kandi baragenda bakurikije amabwiriza y'umuyobozi mukuru wa kera. Mu myaka ya mbere, buekorpser yari igice cyamamaye cyane mubirori, ariko mugihe cyimyaka mike, amajwi anenga isura yabo yitwara gisirikare yagiye arushaho kwiyongera.
Muri iki gihe, buekorpser yongeye kuba igice cyamamaye cyane mu birori, amakorari y’abahungu yitoza urugendo umwaka wose kandi kuboneka kwabo kwakiriwe neza cyane muri Bergen. Ariko cyane cyane umuntu utarwaye gukunda igihugu cya Bergen ahanini azunguza umutwe, abona abahungu bato bagenda bitwaje imbunda zimbaho ku bitugu.
Undi mwihariko wa Bergen ufite umuco muremure ni ukuzamuka inkingi ndende (klatrestange) hejuru yibintu bitandukanye bihagarikwa. Inshingano ni ukuzamuka kugeza hejuru, kandi icyo umuntu ashobora gutwara hamwe na we hepfo ni iye. Igikorwa ntabwo aribyoroshye na gato nkuko bigaragara, inkingi rimwe na rimwe irangi kugirango irusheho kunyerera.
Uyu munsi, iyo kwizihiza ku ya 17 Gicurasi bimaze kuba ibirori rusange birimo Abanyanoruveje bose, aho kwagura ibirori, hibandwa ku ndangagaciro ibirori bigomba kwerekana. Niki izo ndangagaciro zose za Noruveje zigomba guhuza abantu bose baba muri Noruveje? Ese indangagaciro gakondo nuburyo bwo kwizihiza imbaraga zihuza hamwe nibintu byo kwizihiza, cyangwa ntacyo bafite cyo kubwira abanya Noruveje b'iki gihe, kandi harashyizweho ingufu zo guhuza igihugu cya Noruveje hamwe n’amagambo amwe n'amwe agezweho kandi agezweho. Ibi bibazo birashoboka ko bizaza kenshi kandi bigaherekeza ibirori mumyaka iri imbere. Muri iki gihe Noruveje ni ihuriro ry’izi mpinduka zombi, ku ruhande rumwe, igihugu cyiyizera kandi kigezweho kigerageza kugira icyo gihindura ku rwego rw’isi, kivanze ariko, ku rundi ruhande, gakondo gakondo, gukunda igihugu no no gushishoza byuzuye.
17. Gicurasi 2018 izarangwa n’imyigaragambyo y’abanyamakuru bo muri Noruveje. Oya, ntabwo baharanira ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga ndetse nta nubwo barwanya umuyobozi wa televiziyo ya leta. Bashaka (gutungura isi) umushahara munini nigihe kinini kumurimo unoze. Ku Banyanorveje benshi bamenyereye umunsi wose imbonankubone n'amashusho y'ibirori hirya no hino muri Noruveje, amashusho adahinduwe kuva mu murwa mukuru azaza nk'igitangaza. Ningomba kandi kwemeza ko ubwo nakinguye radio muri iki gitondo kandi aho kuvuga disikuru ziteye impuhwe zerekeye umwihariko wa Noruveje, pop yo muri Noruveje yakinaga, numvise bidasanzwe. Ikintu kibera muri Noruveje.
Inkomoko yingingo: https://bubo.sk/blog/17-maj-v-norsku-1
Umwanditsi w'ingingo: Jozef Zelizňák